Antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of isolated from patients with diarrhoea between 1999 and 2003 in Bangladesh Free

Abstract

is a significant cause of diarrhoeal infection in both developing and industrialized countries. From 1999 to 2003, 445 strains of were isolated from patients admitted to the diarrhoea treatment centre of the International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. More than 60 % of the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, 89 % to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and 9.5 % to ampicillin. In addition, 4 % of strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics (Amp Tet Sxt Str) and 4.2 % of strains were sensitive to all antibiotics tested. None of the strains were positive for the 1 gene, whereas 46 % were positive for the gene. Forty-six per cent of the strains (stored at −70 °C) harboured the 120 MDa invasive plasmid and representative strains produced keratoconjunctivitis in the guinea pig eye. In addition, three plasmids of approximately 5, 1.8 and 1.4 MDa were found to be present in more than 90 % of the strains. A self-transmissible, middle-ranged plasmid (35–80 MDa) carrying the multiple antibiotic resistance gene was found in some strains. PFGE analysis of the strains identified five unique types with many subtypes, which were characterized into four unique types by ribotyping analysis. It can be concluded that endemic strains of isolated from patients in Bangladesh are diverse in their genetic pattern.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46641-0
2006-09-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/55/9/1257.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46641-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Albert M. J., Bhuiyan N. A., Talukder K. A., Faruque A. S. G., Nahar S., Faruque S. M., Ansaruzzaman M., Rahman M. 1997; Phenotypic and genotypic changes in Vibrio cholerae 0139 Bengal. J Clin Microbiol 35:2588–2592
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bennish M. L., Harris J. R., Wojtyniak B. J., Struelens M. 1990; Death in shigellosis: incidence and risk factors in hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis 161:500–506 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Brian M. J., Van R., Townsend I., Murray B. E., Cleary T. G., Pickering L. K. 1993; Evaluation of the molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of multiply resistant Shigella sonnei in a day-care center by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and plasmid DNA analysis. J Clin Microbiol 31:2152–2156
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2004 Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; approved standard , 14th edn. document M100-S14 Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute;
    [Google Scholar]
  5. DeLappe N., O'Halloran F., Fanning S., Corbett-Feeney G., Cheasty T., Cormican M. 2003; Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Shigella sonnei isolates from Western Ireland, an area of low incidence of infection. J Clin Microbiol 41:1919–1924 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. DuPont H. L., Levine M. M., Hornick R. B., Formal S. B. 1989; Inoculum size in shigellosis and implications for expected mode of transmission. J Infect Dis 159:1126–1128 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Ewing W. H. 1986; The genus Shigella . In Identification of Enterobacteriaceae , 4th edn. pp  135–172 Edited by Ewing W. H. New York: Elsevier;
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Haider K., Huq M. I., Talukder K. A., Ahmad Q. S. 1989; Electropherotyping of plasmid DNA of different serotypes of Shigella flexneri isolated in Bangladesh. Epidemiol Infect 102:421–428 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Henry F. J. 1991; The epidemiologic importance of dysentery in communities. Rev Infect Dis 13:Suppl 4S238–S244 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Hinojosa-Ahumada M., Swaminathan B., Hunter S. B., Cameron D. N., Kiehlbauch J. A., Wachsmuth K., Strockbine N. A. 1991; Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in rRNA operons for subtyping Shigella sonnei . J Clin Microbiol 29:2380–2384
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Hossain M. A., Rahman M., Ahmed Q. S., Malek M. A., Sack R. B., Albert M. J. 1998; Increasing frequency of mecillinam-resistant Shigella isolates in urban Dhaka and rural Matlab, Bangladesh: a 6 year observation. J Antimicrob Chemother 42:99–102 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Kado C. I., Liu S. T. 1981; Rapid procedure for detection and isolation of large and small plasmids. J Bacteriol 145:1365–1373
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Kariyama R., Mitsuhata R., Chow J. W., Clewell D. B., Kumon H. 2000; Simple and reliable multiplex PCR assay for surveillance isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. J Clin Microbiol 38:3092–3095
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Kim K. S., Oh J. Y., Jeong Y. W., Cho J. W., Park J. C., Cho D. T., Lee J. C. 2002; Epidemiological typing and characterization of dfr genes of Shigella sonnei isolates in Korea during the last two decades. J Microbiol Biotechnol 12:106–113
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Kinsey M. D., Formal S. B., Dammin G. J., Giannella R. A. 1976; Fluid and electrolyte transport in Rhesus monkeys challenged intracecally with Shigella flexneri 2a. Infect Immun 14:368–371
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Korpela J., Karpanoja P., Taipalinen R., Siitonen A. 1995; Subtyping of Shigella sonnei for tracing nosocomial transmission. J Hosp Infect 30:261–266
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Kotloff K. L., Winickoff J. P., Ivanoff B., Clemens J. D., Swerdlow D. L., Sansonetti P. J., Adak G. K., Levine M. M. 1999; Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies. Bull World Health Organ 77:651–666
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Lee T.-M., Chang L.-L., Chang C.-Y., Wang J.-C., Pan T.-M., Wang T.-K., Chang S.-F. 2000; Molecular analysis of Shigella sonnei isolated from three well-documented outbreaks in school children. J Med Microbiol 49:355–360
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Lin S.-R., Chang S.-F. 1992; Drug resistance and plasmid profile of shigellae in Taiwan. Epidemiol Infect 108:87–97 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Litwin C. M., Leonard R. B., Carroll K. C., Drummond W. K., Pavia A. T. 1997; Characterization of endemic strains of Shigella sonnei by use of plasmid DNA analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to detect patterns of transmission. J Infect Dis 175:864–870 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Liu P. Y.-F., Lau Y.-J., Hu B.-S., Shyr J.-M., Shi Z.-Y., Tsai W.-S., Lin Y.-H., Tseng C.-Y. 1995; Analysis of clonal relationships among isolates of Shigella sonnei by different molecular typing methods. J Clin Microbiol 33:1779–1783
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Mackel D. C., Langley L. F., Venice L. A. 1961; The use of guinea-pig conjunctivae as an experimental model for the study of virulence of Shigella organisms. Am J Hyg 73:219–223
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Morris G. K., Wells J. G. 1974; Colicin typing of Shigella sonnei . Appl Microbiol 27:312–316
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Munshi M. H., Sack D. A., Haider K., Ahmed Z. U., Rahaman M. M., Morshed M. G. 1987; Plasmid-mediated resistance to nalidixic acid in Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Lancet 2:419–421
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Nataro J. P., Seriwatana J., Fasano A., Maneval D. R., Guers L. D., Noriega F., Dubovsky F., Levine M. M., Morris J. G. Jr 1995; Identification and cloning of a novel plasmid-encoded enterotoxin of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Shigella strains. Infect Immun 63:4721–4728
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Okada N., Sasakawa C., Tobe T., Talukder K. A., Komatsu K., Yoshikawa M. 1991; Construction of a physical map of the chromosome of Shigella flexneri 2a and the direct assignment of nine virulence-associated loci identified by Tn5 insertions. Mol Microbiol 5:2171–2180 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Pace N. R., Oslen G. J., Woese C. R. 1986; Ribosomal RNA phylogeny and the primary lines of evolutionary descent. Cell 45:325–326 (in Chines [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Pan T. M. 1996; Recent trends in the epidemiology of shigellosis. Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Health, Execute Yuan, Republic of China. Epidemiol Bull 12:212–219 (in Chinese
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Prado D., Murray B. E., Cleary T. G., Pickering L. K. 1987; Limitations of using the plasmid pattern as an epidemiological tool for clinical isolates of Shigella sonnei . J Infect Dis 155:314–316 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Pruneda R. C., Farmer J. J. III 1977; Bacteriophage typing of Shigella sonnei . J Clin Microbiol 5:66–74
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Rout W. R., Formal S. B., Giannella R. A., Dammin G. J. 1975; Pathophysiology of Shigella diarrhoea in the Rhesus monkey: intestinal transport, morphological, and bacteriological studies. Gastroenterology 68:270–278
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Sasakawa C., Kamata K., Sakai T., Murayama S. Y., Makino S., Yoshikawa M. 1986; Molecular alteration of the 140-megadalton plasmid associated with loss of virulence and Congo red binding activity in Shigella flexneri . Infect Immun 51:470–475
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Sereny B. 1957; Experimental keratoconjunctivitis Shigellosa. Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung 2:367–376
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Shahid N. S., Rahaman M. M., Haider K., Banu H., Rahman N. 1985; Changing pattern of resistant Shiga bacillus ( Shigella dysenteriae type 1) and Shigella flexneri in Bangladesh. J Infect Dis 152:1114–1119 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Surdeanu M., Pencu E., Tonciu M., Mihai I., Ciudin L. 2000; Differentiation of Shigella strains by plasmid profile analysis, serotyping and phage typing. Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol 59:103–117
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Talukder K. A., Dutta D. K., Albert M. J. 1999; Evaluation of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing of Shigella dysenteriae type 1. J Med Microbiol 48:781–784 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Talukder K. A., Dutta D. K., Safa A. & 7 other authors; 2001; Altering trends in the dominance of Shigella flexneri serotypes and emergence of serologically atypical S. flexneri strains in Dhaka. Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 39:3757–3759 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Talukder K. A., Islam M. A., Dutta D. K., Hassan F., Safa A., Nair G. B., Sack D. A. 2002; Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of serologically atypical strains of Shigella flexneri type 4 isolated in Dhaka. Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 40:2490–2497 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Talukder K. A., Islam Z., Islam M. A., Dutta D. K., Safa A., Ansaruzzaman M., Faruque A. S. G., Shahed S. N., Nair G. B., Sack D. A. 2003a; Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of provisional serotype Shigella flexneri 1c and clonal relationships with 1a and 1b strains isolated in Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 41:110–117 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Talukder K. A., Islam M. A., Khajanchi B. K. & 7 other authors; 2003b; Temporal shifts in the dominance of serotypes of Shigella dysenteriae from 1999 to 2002 in Dhaka. Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 41:5053–5058 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Tenover F. C., Arbeit R. D., Goering R. V., Mickelsen P. A., Murray B. E., Persing D. H., Swaminathan B. 1995; Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. J Clin Microbiol 33:2233–2239
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Vargas M., Gascon J., Jimenez De Anta M. T., Vila J. 1999; Prevalence of Shigella enterotoxins 1 and 2 among Shigella strains isolated from patients with traveler's diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol 37:3608–3611
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Victora C. G. S., Huttly S. R., Fuchs S. C. & 14 other authors; 1993; International differences in clinical patterns of diarrhoeal deaths: a comparison of children from Brazil, Senegal. Bangladesh and India. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 11:25–29
    [Google Scholar]
  44. World Health Organization 1987; Programme for control of diarrhoeal disease. In Manual for Laboratory Investigation of Acute Enteric Infections , CDD/83.3. Rev 1: Geneva: World Health Organization;
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46641-0
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46641-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed