The role of purified iron-regulated outer-membrane proteins (IROMPs) from Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi in modulation of specific T-cell responses was studied. The cellular immune response induced by IROMPs was measured by assessing the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, lymphocyte proliferation, T-cell phenotyping and cytokine-producing cells using lymphocytes isolated from the spleen and Peyer's patches of IROMPs-immunized, immunized-challenged, infected and control mice. IROMPs immunization resulted in an enhanced DTH response and exhibited a significant increase in the protein-specific proliferative response of lymphocyte from the spleen as well as Peyer's patches. A significant increase was also observed in the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells in the immunized mice as compared to the infected mice. Results of the cytokine analysis revealed that during the initial period there was increased production of interleukin (IL)-2- and interferon (IFN)-γ-producing cells in the spleen and Peyer's patches, indicating a Th1 type response, whereas in the later period of the study, increased production of IL-4-producing cells suggested a Th2 type response. The results of this study suggest a role for S. Typhi IROMPs in modulating the cellular immune response at peripheral and mucosal levels.
AndersonA. O.1990; Structure and organization of the lymphatic system. In Immunophysiology: The Role of Cells and Cytokines in Immunity and Inflammation
. pp 14–45 Edited by
OppenheimJ. J,
ShevachE.
New York: Oxford University Press;
Banerjee-BhatnagarN.,
FraschC. E.1990; Expression of Neisseria meningitidis iron-regulated outermembrane proteins including a 70-kilodalton transferrin receptor, and their potential for use as vaccines. Infect Immun 58:2875–2881
CalderonI.,
LobosS. R.,
RojasH. A.,
PalominoC.,
RodriguezL. H.,
MoraG. C.1986; Antibodies to porin antigens of Salmonella typhi induced during typhoid fever in humans. Infect Immun 52:209–212
ChananaV.,
SeghalR.,
RishiP.2005; Salmonella typhi iron-regulated outer-membrane proteins cause oedema and hyperalgesia during inflammation induced in a rat model. J Med Microbiol 54:421–423[CrossRef]
Fernandez BerosM. E.,
GonzalezC.,
McIntoshM. A.,
CabelloF. C.1989; Immune response to the iron-deprivation-induced proteins of Salmonella typhi in typhoid fever. Infect Immun 57:1271–1275
GuptaS.,
VohraH.,
SahaB.,
NainC. K.,
GangulyN. K.1996; Macrophage T-cell interaction in murine salmonellosis: selective down regulation of ICAM-I and B7 molecules in infected macrophages and its probable role in cell-mediated immunity. Eur J Immunol 26:563–570[CrossRef]
HagerD. A.,
BurgessR. R.1980; Elution of proteins from SDS-PAGE gels.Removal of SDS and renaturation of enzyme activity. Anal Biochem 109:76–86[CrossRef]
MastroeniP.,
Villarreal-RamosB.,
HormaecheC. E.1993; Adoptive transfer of immunity to oral challenge with virulent Salmonellae in innately susceptible BALB/c mice requires both immune serum and T-cells. Infect Immun 61:3981–3984
RishiP.,
WoodwardC. L.,
KimW. K.,
RickeS. K.2004; Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium hilA-lacZY fusion gene response to iron chelation in rich and minimal media. J Environ Sci Health B 39:861–870[CrossRef]
SanderB.,
AnderssonJ.,
AnderssonU.1991; Assessment of cytokines by immunofluorescence and paraformaldehyde-saponin procedure. Immunol Rev 119:65–93[CrossRef]
SchryversA. B.1989; Identification of the transferrin- and lactoferrin-binding proteins in Haemophilus influenzae
. J Med Microbiol 29:121–130[CrossRef]
Sharma-RishiP.,
SharmaB. K.,
SharmaS.,
RawalI. J.,
SaxenaS. M.,
SeghalR.,
GangulyN. K.1989; Humoral and cell mediated immune response to porins of Salmonella typhi
. Jpn J Exp Med 59:73–78
SinghM.,
VoraH.,
KumarL.,
GangulyN. K.1999; Induction of systemic and mucosal immune response in mice immunized with porins of Salmonella typhi
. J Med Microbiol 48:79–88[CrossRef]
SoodS.,
RishiP.,
SharmaS.,
SapruS.,
GangulyN. K.1999; Expression of iron regulated outer membrane proteins in S.typhi grown in solid media. Med Sci Res 27:6–13
SoodS.,
RishiP.,
DhawanV.,
SharmaS.,
GangulyN. K.2005; Protection mediated by antibodies to iron-regulated outer-membrane proteins of S.typhi in a mouse peritonitis model. Mol Cell Biochem 273:69–78[CrossRef]
TabarieB.,
SharmaB. K.,
Sharma-RishiP.,
SehgalR.,
GangulyN. K.1994; Evaluation of Salmonella porins as a broad spectrum vaccine candidate. Microbiol Immunol 38:553–559[CrossRef]