Prevalence and characteristics of bacteria and host factors in an outbreak situation of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea Free

Abstract

Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) represents a clinical entity leading to prolonged hospital stays and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and results in additional costs. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of different bacteria in stools of patients with AAD. The reliability of diagnostic procedures under routine conditions was evaluated. Host factors were also analysed. From June 2002 to April 2003 89 cases of diarrhoea were reported at a hospital unit for internal medicine. and toxin enzyme-immunoassays (EIAs), and culture for , and were performed on stool samples from all patients. Toxin production was determined in isolated strains. susceptibility of for oxacillin and of for vancomycin, metronidazole, linezolid, fusidic acid and tetracycline was tested. Host factors, such as age, comorbidities, antibiotic exposure and contact with other patients, were evaluated. Twenty-six stools were positive for toxins by an EIA technique, while was cultured from 39. was isolated from 21 stools that were EIA negative. Additionally, from 28 stools and/or could be isolated. Nine samples contained only and/or . Thirty-one stools were negative in all tests. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole. Age >60 years, and diseases of the vascular system, the heart, the kidneys and the lungs were identified as risk factors for acquiring in this setting ( values < 0.05). Stool culture for was shown to be more sensitive than toxin EIA in this study. Risk factors for the acquisition of in outbreak situations seem to differ from risk factors in the normal hospital setting. The role of toxin-producing in cases of AAD needs further investigation.

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2005-02-01
2024-03-29
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