@article{mbs:/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.077834-0, author = "Yezli, Saber and Shibl, Atef M. and Memish, Ziad A.", title = "The molecular basis of β-lactamase production in Gram-negative bacteria from Saudi Arabia", journal= "Journal of Medical Microbiology", year = "2015", volume = "64", number = "2", pages = "127-136", doi = "https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.077834-0", url = "https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.077834-0", publisher = "Microbiology Society", issn = "1473-5644", type = "Journal Article", abstract = "Resistance to β-lactams among Gram-negative bacteria is a worldwide issue. Increased prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producers and the dissemination of carbapenem-resistance genes are particularly concerning. ESBL-producing strains are common in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, particularly among the Enterobacteriaceae, and carbapenem resistance is on the increase, especially among the non-fermenters. β-lactamase production is a major mechanism of resistance to these agents and although β-lactamase-producing strains have been documented in the Kingdom, relatively few reports characterized the molecular basis of this production. Nevertheless, available data suggest that CTX-M (CTX-M-15 in particular) is the predominant ESBL in the Enterobacteriaceae, with SHV also being prevalent in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Carbapenem resistance in the latter is mainly due to OXA-48 and NDM-1. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, VEB-like enzymes are the most common ESBLs, and VIM is the prevalent metallo-β-lactamase. OXA-10 extended-spectrum enzymes are also frequent. PER and GES ESBLs have been reported in Acinetobacter baumannii, and oxacillinases (OXA-23 in particular) are the dominant carbapanamases in this species.", }