1887

Abstract

Fennel seed essential oil (FSEO) is a plant-derived natural therapeutic against dermatophytes. In this study, the antifungal effects of FSEO were investigated from varied aspects, such as MIC and minimum fungicidal concentration, mycelia growth, spore germination and biomass. The results indicated that FSEO had potent antifungal activities on ATCC 40051, 10-0400, 44693-1 and 10-0060, which is better than the commonly used antifungal agents fluconazole and amphotericin B. Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy experiments suggested that the antifungal mechanism of FSEO was to damage the plasma membrane and intracellular organelles. Further study revealed that it could also inhibit the mitochondrial enzyme activities, such as succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and ATPase. With better antifungal activity than the commonly used antifungal agents and less possibility of inducing drug resistance, FSEO could be used as a potential antidermatophytic agent.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.077768-0
2015-01-01
2024-12-12
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/64/1/93.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.077768-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Ameen M. 2010; Epidemiology of superficial fungal infections. Clin Dermatol 28:197–201 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Arthington-Skaggs B. A., Jradi H., Desai T., Morrison C. J. 1999; Quantitation of ergosterol content: novel method for determination of fluconazole susceptibility of Candida albicans. J Clin Microbiol 37:3332–3337[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bajpai V. K., Yoon J. I., Kang S. C. 2009a; Antifungal potential of essential oil and various organic extracts of Nandina domestica Thunb. against skin infectious fungal pathogens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 83:1127–1133 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bajpai V. K., Yoon J. I., Chul Kang S. 2009b; Antioxidant and antidermatophytic activities of essential oil and extracts of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Miki ex Hu. Food Chem Toxicol 47:1355–1361 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Balietti M., Fattoretti P., Skalicky M., Viidik A., Giorgetti B., Grossi Y., Bertoni-Freddari C. 2005; The effect of chronic physical exercise on succinic dehydrogenase activity in the heart muscle of old rats. Biogerontology 6:95–100 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Behravan J., Ramezani M., Kasaian J., Sabeti Z. 2004; Antimycotic activity of the essential oil of Satureja mutica Fisch & CA Mey from Iran. Flavour Fragrance J 19:421–423 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Brämer C. O., Steinbüchel A. 2002; The malate dehydrogenase of Ralstonia eutropha and functionality of the C3/C4 metabolism in a Tn5-induced mdh mutant. FEMS Microbiol Lett 212:159–164 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cardile V., Russo A., Formisano C., Rigano D., Senatore F., Arnold N. A., Piozzi F. 2009; Essential oils of Salvia bracteata and Salvia rubifolia from Lebanon: chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and inhibitory effect on human melanoma cells. J Ethnopharmacol 126:265–272 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Chen Y., Zeng H., Tian J., Ban X., Ma B., Wang Y. 2013; Antifungal mechanism of essential oil from Anethum graveolens seeds against Candida albicans. J Med Microbiol 62:1175–1183 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. CLSI 2008; Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Filamentous Fungi; Approved Standard, 2nd edn, Informational Supplement M38-A2. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute;
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Damjanović B., Lepojević Ž., Živković V., Tolić A. 2005; Extraction of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds with supercritical CO2: comparison with hydrodistillation. Food Chem 92:143–149 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. de Albuquerque C. C., Camara T. R., Mariano R. de L. R., Willadino L., Marcelino C., JrUlisses C. 2006; Antimicrobial action of the essential oil of Lippia gracilis Schauer. Braz Arch Biol Technol 49:527–535 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Dobrikov G. M., Valcheva V., Nikolova Y., Ugrinova I., Pasheva E., Dimitrov V. 2014; Enantiopure antituberculosis candidates synthesized from (−)-fenchone. Eur J Med Chem 77:243–247 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Editor Committee of National Chinese Medical Manage Bureau 2005 Chinese Herbal, Uighur Volume Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers;
    [Google Scholar]
  15. El-Soud N. A., El-Laithy N., El-Saeed G., Wahby M. S., Khalil M., Morsy F., Shaffie N. 2011; Antidiabetic activities of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. essential oil in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Macedonian J Med Sci 4:139–146
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Fujita K.-I., Kubo I. 2004; Potentiation of fungicidal activities of trans-anethole against Saccharomyces cerevisiae under hypoxic conditions. J Biosci Bioeng 98:490–492 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Ghahfarokhi M. S., Goodarzi M., Abyaneh M. R., Al-Tiraihi T., Seyedipour G. 2004; Morphological evidences for onion-induced growth inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Fitoterapia 75:645–655 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hainer B. L. 2003; Dermatophyte infections. Am Fam Physician 67:101–108[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Havlickova B., Czaika V. A., Friedrich M. 2008; Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide. Mycoses 51:Suppl. 42–15 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Hilf R., Smail D. B., Murant R. S., Leakey P. B., Gibson S. L. 1984; Hematoporphyrin derivative-induced photosensitivity of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase and selected cytosolic enzymes of R3230AC mammary adenocarcinomas of rats. Cancer Res 44:1483–1488[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Inouye S., Uchida K., Abe S. 2006; Vapor activity of 72 essential oils against a Trichophyton mentagrophytes. J Infect Chemother 12:210–216 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kazemi M., Rostami H., Shafiei S. 2012; Antibacterial and antifungal activity of some medicinal plants from Iran. J Plant Sci 7:55–66 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Khan A., Ahmad A., Akhtar F., Yousuf S., Xess I., Khan L. A., Manzoor N. 2010; Ocimum sanctum essential oil and its active principles exert their antifungal activity by disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane integrity. Res Microbiol 161:816–823 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Lee H. S. 2004; Acaricidal activity of constituents identified in Foeniculum vulgare fruit oil against Dermatophagoides spp. (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). J Agric Food Chem 52:2887–2889 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Lippold H. J. 1982; Quantitative succinic dehydrogenases histochemistry. A comparison of different tetrazolium salts. Histochemistry 76:381–405 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Lowry O. H., Rosebrough N. J., Farr A. L., Randall R. J. 1951; Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Mahady G. B., Pendland S. L., Stoia A., Hamill F. A., Fabricant D., Dietz B. M., Chadwick L. R. 2005; In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to botanical extracts used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Phytother Res 19:988–991 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Mohsenzadeh M. 2007; Evaluation of antibacterial activity of selected Iranian essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in nutrient broth medium. Pak J Biol Sci 10:3693–3697 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Naeini A., Naderi N. J., Shokri H. 2014; Analysis and in vitro anti-Candida antifungal activity of Cuminum cyminum and Salvadora persica herbs extracts against pathogenic Candida strains. J Mycol Med 24:13–18 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Özcan M. M., Chalchat J. C., Arslan D., Ateş A., Unver A. 2006; Comparative essential oil composition and antifungal effect of bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ssp. piperitum) fruit oils obtained during different vegetation. J Med Food 9:552–561 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Park M. J., Gwak K. S., Yang I., Choi W. S., Jo H. J., Chang J. W., Jeung E. B., Choi I. G. 2007; Antifungal activities of the essential oils in Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. Et Perry and Leptospermum petersonii Bailey and their constituents against various dermatophytes. J Microbiol 45:460–465[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Pinto E., Vale-Silva L., Cavaleiro C., Salgueiro L. 2009; Antifungal activity of the clove essential oil from Syzygium aromaticum on Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte species. J Med Microbiol 58:1454–1462 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Rasooli I., Abyaneh M. R. 2004; Inhibitory effects of thyme oils on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus. Food Control 15:479–483 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Roby M. H. H., Sarhan M. A., Selim K. A.-H., Khalel K. I. 2013; Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Ind Crops Prod 44:437–445 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Rodriguez R. J., Low C., Bottema C. D., Parks L. W. 1985; Multiple functions for sterols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta 837:336–343 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Romagnoli C., Andreotti E., Maietti S., Mahendra R., Mares D. 2010; Antifungal activity of essential oil from fruits of Indian Cuminum cyminum. Pharmaceutical Biol 48:834–838 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Ruberto G., Baratta M. T., Deans S. G., Dorman H. J. D. 2000; Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Foeniculum vulgare and Crithmum maritimum essential oils. Planta Med 66:687–693 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Shahi S. K., Shahi M. P., Choudhary S., Kumar M. 2007; Broad spectrum herbal antifungal compound for the cure of human dermatophytoses. Plant Arch 7:771–773
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Shin S. 2004; Essential oil compounds from Agastache rugosa as antifungal agents against Trichophyton species. Arch Pharm Res 27:295–299 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Singh G., Maurya S., de Lampasona M. P., Catalan C. 2006; Chemical constituents, antifungal and antioxidative potential of Foeniculum vulgare volatile oil and its acetone extract. Food Control 17:745–752 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Tian J., Ban X., Zeng H., He J., Chen Y., Wang Y. 2012; The mechanism of antifungal action of essential oil from dill (Anethum graveolens L.) on Aspergillus flavus. PLoS ONE 7:e30147 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Tognolini M., Ballabeni V., Bertoni S., Bruni R., Impicciatore M., Barocelli E. 2007; Protective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and anethole in an experimental model of thrombosis. Pharmacol Res 56:254–260 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Viuda-Martos M., Mohamady M. A., Fernández-López J., Abd ElRazik K. A., Omer E. A., Pérez-Alvarez J. A., Sendra E. 2011; In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essentials oils obtained from Egyptian aromatic plants. Food Control 22:1715–1722 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Wu X. Z., Cheng A. X., Sun L. M., Sun S. J., Lou H. X. 2009; Plagiochin E, an antifungal bis(bibenzyl), exerts its antifungal activity through mitochondrial dysfunction-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation in Candida albicans. Biochim Biophys Acta 1790:770–777 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.077768-0
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.077768-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error