1887

Abstract

The catheterized urinary tract provides ideal conditions for the development of biofilm populations. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are recalcitrant to existing antimicrobial treatments; therefore, established biofilms are not eradicated completely after treatment and surviving biofilm cells will carry on the infection. -2-decenoic acid (CDA), an unsaturated fatty acid, is capable of inhibiting biofilm formation by and of inducing the dispersion of established biofilms by multiple types of micro-organisms. Here, the ability of CDA to induce dispersal in pre-established single- and dual-species biofilms formed by and was measured by using both semi-batch and continuous cultures bioassays. Removal of the biofilms by combined CDA and antibiotics (ciprofloxacin or ampicillin) was evaluated using microtitre plate assays (crystal violet staining). The c.f.u. counts were determined to assess the potential of combined CDA treatments to kill and eradicate pre-established biofilms formed on catheters. The effects of combined CDA treatments on biofilm surface area and bacteria viability were evaluated using fluorescence microscopy, digital image analysis and live/dead staining. To investigate the ability of CDA to prevent biofilm formation, single and mixed cultures were grown in the presence and absence of CDA. Treatment of pre-established biofilms with only 310 nM CDA resulted in at least threefold increase in the number of planktonic cells in all cultures tested. Whilst none of the antibiotics alone exerted a significant effect on c.f.u. counts and percentage of surface area covered by the biofilms, combined CDA treatments led to at least a 78 % reduction in biofilm biomass in all cases. Moreover, most of the biofilm cells remaining on the surface were killed by antibiotics. The addition of 310 nM CDA significantly prevented biofilm formation by the tested micro-organisms, even within mixed cultures, indicating the ability of CDA to inhibit biofilm formation by other types of bacteria in addition to . These findings suggested that the biofilm-preventive characteristics of CDA make it a noble candidate for inhibition of biofilm-associated infections such as CAUTIs, which paves the way toward developing new strategies to control biofilms in clinical as well as industrial settings.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.075374-0
2014-11-01
2024-10-10
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/63/11/1509.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.075374-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Anderl J. N., Franklin M. J., Stewart P. S. 2000; Role of antibiotic penetration limitation in Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm resistance to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44:1818–1824 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Barraud N., Hassett D. J., Hwang S. H., Rice S. A., Kjelleberg S., Webb J. S. 2006; Involvement of nitric oxide in biofilm dispersal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . J Bacteriol 188:7344–7353 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Campanac C., Pineau L., Payard A., Baziard-Mouysset G., Roques C. 2002; Interactions between biocide cationic agents and bacterial biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:1469–1474 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Chambers L. D., Stokes K. R., Walsh F. C., Wood R. J. K. 2006; Modern approaches to marine antifouling coatings. Surf Coat Technol 201:3642–3652 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Cloete T. E., Jacobs L., Brözel V. S. 1998; The chemical control of biofouling in industrial water systems. Biodegradation 9:23–37 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. CLSI 2006; Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically, Approved Standard, 7th edn, M7-A7. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute;
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Cobrado L., Azevedo M. M., Silva-Dias A., Ramos J. P., Pina-Vaz C., Rodrigues A. G. 2012; Cerium, chitosan and hamamelitannin as novel biofilm inhibitors?. J Antimicrob Chemother 67:1159–1162 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cobrado L., Silva-Dias A., Azevedo M. M., Pina-Vaz C., Rodrigues A. G. 2013; In vivo antibiofilm effect of cerium, chitosan and hamamelitannin against usual agents of catheter-related bloodstream infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 68:126–130 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Dalgaard P. 1995; Qualitative and quantitative characterization of spoilage bacteria from packed fish. Int J Food Microbiol 26:319–333 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Darouiche R. O., Smith J. A. Jr, Hanna H., Dhabuwala C. B., Steiner M. S., Babaian R. J., Boone T. B., Scardino P. T., Thornby J. I., Raad I. I. 1999; Efficacy of antimicrobial-impregnated bladder catheters in reducing catheter-associated bacteriuria: a prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Urology 54:976–981 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Davies D. G., Marques C. N. 2009; A fatty acid messenger is responsible for inducing dispersion in microbial biofilms. J Bacteriol 191:1393–1403 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Desbois A. P., Smith V. J. 2010; Antibacterial free fatty acids: activities, mechanisms of action and biotechnological potential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85:1629–1642 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Desbois A. P., Lebl T., Yan L., Smith V. J. 2008; Isolation and structural characterisation of two antibacterial free fatty acids from the marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum . Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 81:755–764 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Flemming H. C., Wingender J. 2010; The biofilm matrix. Nat Rev Microbiol 8:623–633[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Fux C. A., Costerton J. W., Stewart P. S., Stoodley P. 2005; Survival strategies of infectious biofilms. Trends Microbiol 13:34–40 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Griffith D. P., Musher D. M., Itin C. 1976; Urease. The primary cause of infection-induced urinary stones. Invest Urol 13:346–350[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Hancock V., Dahl M., Klemm P. 2010; Abolition of biofilm formation in urinary tract Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolates by metal interference through competition for Fur. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:3836–3841 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Jennings J. A., Courtney H. S., Haggard W. O. 2012; Cis-2-decenoic acid inhibits S. aureus growth and biofilm in vitro: a pilot study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 470:2663–2670 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Johnson J. R., Kuskowski M. A., Wilt T. J. 2006; Systematic review: antimicrobial urinary catheters to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients. Ann Intern Med 144:116–126 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Kenny J. G., Ward D., Josefsson E., Jonsson I. M., Hinds J., Rees H. H., Lindsay J. A., Tarkowski A., Horsburgh M. J. 2009; The Staphylococcus aureus response to unsaturated long chain free fatty acids: survival mechanisms and virulence implications. PLoS ONE 4:e4344 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Musk D. J. Jr, Hergenrother P. J. 2008; Chelated iron sources are inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and distribute efficiently in an in vitro model of drug delivery to the human lung. J Appl Microbiol 105:380–388 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Ramos E. R., Reitzel R., Jiang Y., Hachem R. Y., Chaftari A. M., Chemaly R. F., Hackett B., Pravinkumar S. E., Nates J. other authors 2011; Clinical effectiveness and risk of emerging resistance associated with prolonged use of antibiotic-impregnated catheters: more than 0.5 million catheter days and 7 years of clinical experience. Crit Care Med 39:245–251 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Stamm W. E. 1991; Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention. Am J Med 91:3B65S–71S [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Stickler D. J. 2008; Bacterial biofilms in patients with indwelling urinary catheters. Nat Clin Pract Urol 5:598–608 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Stoodley P., Sauer K., Davies D. G., Costerton J. W. 2002; Biofilms as complex differentiated communities. Annu Rev Microbiol 56:187–209 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Takigawa H., Nakagawa H., Kuzukawa M., Mori H., Imokawa G. 2005; Deficient production of hexadecenoic acid in the skin is associated in part with the vulnerability of atopic dermatitis patients to colonization by Staphylococcus aureus . Dermatology 211:240–248 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Tambyah P. A., Knasinski V., Maki D. G. 2002; The direct costs of nosocomial catheter-associated urinary tract infection in the era of managed care. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 23:27–31 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Ulett G. C., Mabbett A. N., Fung K. C., Webb R. I., Schembri M. A. 2007; The role of F9 fimbriae of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in biofilm formation. Microbiology 153:2321–2331 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Walters M. C. III, Roe F., Bugnicourt A., Franklin M. J., Stewart P. S. 2003; Contributions of antibiotic penetration, oxygen limitation, and low metabolic activity to tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to ciprofloxacin and tobramycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:317–323 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Yang L., Liu Y., Wu H., Song Z., Høiby N., Molin S., Givskov M. 2012; Combating biofilms. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 65:146–157 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.075374-0
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.075374-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error