1887

Abstract

Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Recently, serum antibodies and pepsinogen (PG) have been used for gastric cancer screening. The incidence of gastric cancer in Bhutan is reported to be quite high compared with that in neighbouring countries. In this study, 381 subjects from three areas of Bhutan were assessed for gastric mucosal atrophy and serological parameters. Anti- IgG, PG I, PG II and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) antibodies were measured using ELISA. Subjects were classified into four groups according to and PG seropositivity: Group A (-negative/PG-negative), Group B (-positive/PG-negative), Group C (-positive/PG-positive) and Group D (-negative/PG-positive). The prevalence of in the 381 subjects was 71.1 % (271/381), with high infection rates found in rural areas. The PG I/II ratio was significantly inversely correlated with the atrophy score in the antrum and the corpus (<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the PG status was significantly associated with the presence of atrophy in the corpus. The prevalence of the PG-positive status was significantly higher among -positive subjects than among -negative subjects (<0.001). Based on the ABC method, Group B was the most dominant, followed by Group A, Group C and Group D. The high incidence of gastric cancer in Bhutan can be attributed to the high prevalence of infection and gastric mucosal atrophy.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.060905-0
2013-10-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/62/10/1571.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.060905-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Ang T. L., Fock K. M., Dhamodaran S., Teo E. K., Tan J. 2005; Racial differences in Helicobacter pylori, serum pepsinogen and gastric cancer incidence in an urban Asian population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20:1603–1609 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Asaka M., Kimura T., Kato M., Kudo M., Miki K., Ogoshi K., Kato T., Tatsuta M., Graham D. Y. 1994; Possible role of Helicobacter pylori infection in early gastric cancer development. Cancer 73:2691–2694 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Azevedo N. F., Huntington J., Goodman K. J. 2009; The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori and public health implications. Helicobacter 14:Suppl 11–7 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bornschein J., Selgrad M., Wex T., Kuester D., Malfertheiner P. 2012; Serological assessment of gastric mucosal atrophy in gastric cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 12:10 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Brenner H., Rothenbacher D., Weck M. N. 2007; Epidemiologic findings on serologically defined chronic atrophic gastritis strongly depend on the choice of the cutoff-value. Int J Cancer 121:2782–2786 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Burucoa C., Delchier J. C., Courillon-Mallet A., de Korwin J. D., Mégraud F., Zerbib F., Raymond J., Fauchère J. L. 2013; Comparative evaluation of 29 commercial Helicobacter pylori serological kits. Helicobacter 18:169–179 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Cao Q., Ran Z. H., Xiao S. D. 2007; Screening of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer by serum pepsinogen, gastrin-17 and Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G antibodies. J Dig Dis 8:15–22 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Correa P. 1992; Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multistep and multifactorial process–First American Cancer Society Award Lecture on Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. Cancer Res 52:6735–6740[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Craanen M. E., Dekker W., Blok P., Ferwerda J., Tytgat G. N. 1992; Intestinal metaplasia and Helicobacter pylori: an endoscopic bioptic study of the gastric antrum. Gut 33:16–20 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Dixon M. F., Genta R. M., Yardley J. H., Correa P. 1996; Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney System. International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis, Houston 1994. Am J Surg Pathol 20:1161–1181 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Ferlay J., Shin H. R., Bray F., Forman D., Mathers C., Parkin D. M. 2010; Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 127:2893–2917 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Fock K. M., Talley N., Moayyedi P., Hunt R., Azuma T., Sugano K., Xiao S. D., Lam S. K., Goh K. L. other authors 2008; Asia-Pacific consensus guidelines on gastric cancer prevention. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 23:351–365 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Fujioka T., Tokieda M. 2000; [Validity of serum anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody using enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis in eradication of Helicobacter pylori]. Jpn J Med Pharm Sci 43:573–579 (in Japanese)
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Goh K. L., Chan W. K., Shiota S., Yamaoka Y. 2011; Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and public health implications. Helicobacter 16:Suppl 11–9 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Grad Y. H., Lipsitch M., Aiello A. E. 2012; Secular trends in Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in adults in the United States: evidence for sustained race/ethnic disparities. Am J Epidemiol 175:54–59 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. IARC Working Group 1994; Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Lyon, 7-14 June 1994. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 61:1–241[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Kim N., Jung H. C. 2010; The role of serum pepsinogen in the detection of gastric cancer. Gut Liver 4:307–319 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Leung W. K., Wu M. S., Kakugawa Y., Kim J. J., Yeoh K. G., Goh K. L., Wu K. C., Wu D. C., Sollano J. other authors 2008; Screening for gastric cancer in Asia: current evidence and practice. Lancet Oncol 9:279–287 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Malaty H. M. 2007; Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 21:205–214 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Matsuo K., Hamajima N., Suzuki T., Nakamura T., Matsuura A., Tominaga S. 2001; Better ROC Curves for a Regionally Developed Helicobacter Pylori Antibody Test. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2:155–156[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Miki K. 2006; Gastric cancer screening using the serum pepsinogen test method. Gastric Cancer 9:245–253 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Miki K. 2011; Gastric cancer screening by combined assay for serum anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody and serum pepsinogen levels - “ABC method”. Proc Jpn Acad, Ser B, Phys Biol Sci 87:405–414 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Miwa H., Go M. F., Sato N. 2002; H. pylori and gastric cancer: the Asian enigma. Am J Gastroenterol 97:1106–1112 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Mukhopadhyay A. K., Kersulyte D., Jeong J. Y., Datta S., Ito Y., Chowdhury A., Chowdhury S., Santra A., Bhattacharya S. K. other authors 2000; Distinctiveness of genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in Calcutta, India. J Bacteriol 182:3219–3227 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Ohata H., Kitauchi S., Yoshimura N., Mugitani K., Iwane M., Nakamura H., Yoshikawa A., Yanaoka K., Arii K. other authors 2004; Progression of chronic atrophic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection increases risk of gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 109:138–143 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Rugge M., Genta R. M.OLGA Group 2005; Staging gastritis: an international proposal. Gastroenterology 129:1807–1808 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Rugge M., Meggio A., Pennelli G., Piscioli F., Giacomelli L., De Pretis G., Graham D. Y. 2007; Gastritis staging in clinical practice: the OLGA staging system. Gut 56:631–636 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Sethi S., Golparian D., Bala M., Dorji D., Ibrahim M., Jabeen K., Unemo M. 2013; Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from India, Pakistan and Bhutan in 2007-2011. BMC Infect Dis 13:35 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Shiota S., Matsunari O., Watada M., Yamaoka Y. 2010; Serum Helicobacter pylori CagA antibody as a biomarker for gastric cancer in east-Asian countries. Future Microbiol 5:1885–1893 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Sipponen P., Graham D. Y. 2007; Importance of atrophic gastritis in diagnostics and prevention of gastric cancer: application of plasma biomarkers. Scand J Gastroenterol 42:2–10 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Suerbaum S., Michetti P. 2002; Helicobacter pylori infection. N Engl J Med 347:1175–1186 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Vilaichone R. K., Mahachai V., Shiota S., Uchida T., Ratanachu-ek T., Tshering L., Tung N. L., Fujioka T., Moriyama M., Yamaoka Y. 2013; Extremely high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Bhutan. World J Gastroenterol 19:2806–2810 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Yamaoka Y. 2010; Mechanisms of disease: Helicobacter pylori virulence factors. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 7:629–641[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Yamaoka M., Nakajima S. 2009; Prevalence of subjects at a high or very high risk of gastric cancer in Japan. Gut Liver 3:95–100 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.060905-0
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.060905-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error