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Journal of Medical Microbiology logo Journal of Medical Microbiology

Volume 52, Issue 10

Viable is required for the majority of human immunodeficiency virus-induced upregulation in monocytoid cells No Access

Abstract

The complex (MAC), an intracellular pathogen of cells of the macrophage lineage, often clinically coexists with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV). It was shown previously that coinfection of the monocytoid cell line U937 with HIV and MAC results in the enhancement of HIV replication. To determine whether MAC-mediated HIV upregulation is due to the exposure of intact organisms to HIV-infected cells or if actual infection with viable organisms is required for the effect, U937 cells were coinfected simultaneously with HIV and live or heat-killed MAC. Live MAC (infection) consistently increased HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) activity by more than 3-fold. Heat-killed MAC, however, failed to enhance RT activity significantly. Further investigation showed that infection of U38 cells [a U937-derived cell line containing regions of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) linked to chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT)] with live or heat-killed MAC resulted in a similar enhancement of HIV LTR-CAT transcription. In addition, transient transfection of U937 cells with a full-length wild-type HIV LTR-CAT construct revealed that heat-killed MAC stimulated LTR-mediated CAT activity to levels comparable to those of viable MAC. Finally, both live and heat-killed MAC mediated similar enhancement of NF-κB DNA-binding activity. Taken together, these observations confirm previous findings that MAC-induced NF-κB-dependent LTR-CAT activity is not a major factor in upregulating HIV expression in a coinfection model. It also indicates that MAC infection plays a significant role in the enhancement of HIV replication and suggests that viable MAC either contains or induces the production of an as-yet-unidentified factor(s) that mediates the enhancement of HIV replication.

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2003-10-01
2025-01-26
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Viable Mycobacterium avium is required for the majority of human immunodeficiency virus-induced upregulation in monocytoid cells
J. Med. Microbiol. 52, 877 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.05231-0
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.05231-0
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.05231-0
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