1887

Abstract

Cholera toxin (CT) is the major virulence factor produced by . Several genomic arrangements within the CTX cassette have been elucidated in . Previously, it was shown that three different CTX cassette arrangements, one complete CTX cassette (arrangement A), one complete and two incomplete CTX cassettes (arrangement B), and two complete CTX cassettes (arrangement C), exist within isolates. In the present study, the level of CT expression by isolates carrying different CTX cassette arrangements was evaluated. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed unequal production of CT mRNA in isolates with different CTX arrangements. with the CTX arrangement C expressed more CT mRNA than isolates with the other CTX arrangements. In addition, CT mRNA was expressed more in the isolates with CTX arrangement B than in those with arrangement A. Overall, these results suggest that the arrangement and number of regulatory elements () within the CTX cassette could affect the level of expression of CT.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.038752-0
2012-08-01
2024-04-20
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/61/8/1071.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.038752-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bakhshi B., Pourshafie M. R., Navabakbar F., Tavakoli A. 2008; Genomic organisation of the CTX element among toxigenic Vibrio cholerae isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect 14:562–568 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Davis B. M., Waldor M. K. 2003; Filamentous phages linked to virulence of Vibrio cholerae. Curr Opin Microbiol 6:35–42 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. DiRita V. J., Neely M., Taylor R. K., Bruss P. M. 1996; Differential expression of the ToxR regulon in classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae is due to biotype-specific control over toxT expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:7991–7995 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Faruque S. M., Asadulghani B., Kamruzzaman M., Nandi R. K., Ghosh A. N., Nair G. B., Mekalanos J. J., Sack D. A. 2002; RS1 element of Vibrio cholerae can propagate horizontally as a filamentous phage exploiting the morphogenesis genes of CTXΦ. Infect Immun 70:163–170 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Faruque S. M., Kamruzzaman M., Asadulghani B., Sack D. A., Mekalanos J. J., Nair G. B. 2003; CTXΦ-independent production of the RS1 satellite phage by Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:1280–1285 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. González-Bonilla C., Gutiérrez-Cogco L., Moguel-Pech L., Villanueva-Zamudio A. 1994; [Evaluation of the ELISA method for cholera toxin determination in Vibrio cholerae cultures]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 36:273–276 (in Spanish) [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Iwanaga M., Kuyyakanond T. 1987; Large production of cholera toxin by Vibrio cholerae O1 in yeast extract peptone water. J Clin Microbiol 25:2314–2316[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Kaper J. B., Morris J. G. Jr, Levine M. M. 1995; Cholera. Clin Microbiol Rev 8:48–86[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Klose K. E. 2001; Regulation of virulence in Vibrio cholerae. Int J Med Microbiol 291:81–88 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Livak K. J., Schmittgen T. D. 2001; Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCt method. Methods 25:402–408 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Pourshafie M. R., Grimont F., Saifi M., Grimont P. A. D. 2000; Molecular epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae isolates from infected patients in Tehran, Iran. J Med Microbiol 49:1085–1090[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Tsou A. M., Cai T., Liu Z., Zhu J., Kulkarni R. V. 2009; Regulatory targets of quorum sensing in Vibrio cholerae: evidence for two distinct HapR-binding motifs. Nucleic Acids Res 37:2747–2756 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Withey J. H., DiRita V. J. 2006; The toxbox: specific DNA sequence requirements for activation of Vibrio cholerae virulence genes by ToxT. Mol Microbiol 59:1779–1789 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.038752-0
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.038752-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error