Bacteraemia and breast abscess: unusual extra-intestinal manifestations of Clostridium difficile infection

References

1. Balzan S., De Almeida Quadros C., De Cleva R., Zilberstein B., Cecconello I. 2007; Bacterial translocation: overview of mechanisms and clinical impact. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 22:464–471 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
2. Bhargava A., Sen P., Swaminathan A., Ogbolu C., Chechko S., Stone F. 2000; Rapidly progressive necrotizing fasciitis and gangrene due to Clostridium difficile : case report. Clin Infect Dis 30:954–955 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
3. Brown T. A., Rajappannair L., Dalton A. B., Bandi R., Myers J. P., Kefalas C. H. 2007; Acute appendicitis in the setting of Clostridium difficile colitis: case report and review of the literature. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:969–971 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
4. Ducroix-Roubertou S., Genet C., Rogez J. P., Weinbreck P., Denes E. 2005; Reactive arthritis due to Clostridium difficile . Med Mal Infect 35:419–421 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
5. Feldman R. J., Kallich M., Weinstein M. P. 1995; Bacteremia due to Clostridium difficile : case report and review of extraintestinal C. difficile infections. Clin Infect Dis 20:1560–1562 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
6. García-Lechuz J. M., Hernangómez S., San Juan R., Peláez T, Alcalá L, Bouza E. 2001; Extra-intestinal infections caused by Clostridium difficile . Clin Microbiol Infect 7:453–457 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
7. Genta V. M., Gilligan P. H., McCarthy L. R. 1984; Clostridium difficile peritonitis in a neonate. A case report. Arch Pathol Lab Med 108:82–83
   [Google Scholar]
8. Gravisse J., Barnaud G., Hanau-Berçot B., Raskine L., Riahi J., Gaillard J. L., Sanson-Le-Pors M. J. 2003; Clostridium difficile brain empyema after prolonged intestinal carriage. J Clin Microbiol 41:509–511 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
9. Jacobs A., Barnard K., Fishel R., Gradon J. D. 2001; Extracolonic manifestations of Clostridium difficile infections. Presentation of 2 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 80:88–101 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
10. Kumar N., Flanagan P., Wise C., Lord R. 1997; Splenic abscess caused by Clostridium difficile . Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 16:938–939 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
11. Lee N. Y., Huang Y. T., Hsueh P. R., Ko W. C. 2010; Clostridium difficile bacteremia, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 16:1204–1210 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
12. Libby D. B., Bearman G. 2009; Bacteremia due to Clostridium difficile – review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis 13:e305–e309 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
13. NPHS 2009 Clostridium difficile PCR Ribotype Surveillance in Wales 2008 Cardiff: National Public Health Service for Wales;
    [Google Scholar]
14. Pron B., Merckx J., Touzet P., Ferroni A., Poyart C., Berche P., Gaillard J. L. 1995; Chronic septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in a prosthetic knee joint due to Clostridium difficile . Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 14:599–601 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
15. Sakurai T., Hajiro K., Takakuwa H., Nishi A., Aihara M., Chiba T. 2001; Liver abscess caused by Clostridium difficile . Scand J Infect Dis 33:69–70 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
16. Spencer R. C., Courtney S. P., Nicol C. D. 1984; Polymicrobial septicaemia due to Clostridium difficile and Bacteroides fragilis . Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 289:531–532 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
17. Urbán E., Terhes G., Markotics A., Sóki J., Nagy E. 2010; Rare extraintestinal infection caused by toxin-producing Clostridium difficile . Anaerobe 16:301–303 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
18. Wolf L. E., Gorbach S. L., Granowitz E. V. 1998; Extraintestinal Clostridium difficile : 10 years' experience at a tertiary-care hospital. Mayo Clin Proc 73:943–947 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]