Effects of fosfomycin on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: quantification of copy numbers of Shiga toxin-encoding genes and their expression levels using real-time PCR

References

1. Bennish, M. L., Khan, W. A., Begum, M., Bridges, E. A., Ahmed, S., Saha, D., Salam, M. A., Acheson, D. & Ryan, E. T. ( 2006; ). Low risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome after early effective antimicrobial therapy for Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection in Bangladesh. Clin Infect Dis 42, 356–362.[CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
2. Georgopapadakou, N. H., Smith, S. A. & Sykes, R. B. ( 1982; ). Mode of action of azthreonam. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 21, 950–956.[CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
3. Horii, T., Kobayashi, M., Sato, K., Ichiyama, S. & Ohta, M. ( 1998; ). An in-vitro study of carbapenem-induced morphological changes and endotoxin release in clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli. J Antimicrob Chemother 41, 435–442.[CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
4. IDSC ( 2007; ). Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Infection in Japan as of April 2007, Infectious Agents Surveillance Report, vol. 28, pp. 131–132. Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, http://idsc.nih.go.jp/iasr/28/327/tpc327.html
5. Ichinohe, N., Ohara-Nemoto, Y., Tajika, S., Kaneko, M., Tsutsumi, R., Takahashi, K., Sato, S., Ichinohe, S. & Chida, S. ( 1999; ). Effects of fosfomycin and norfloxacin on the morphological changes and expression of Shiga-like toxin in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7. J Iwate Med Ass 51, 557–562 (in Japanese).
   [Google Scholar]
6. Ikeda, K., Ida, O., Kimoto, K., Takatorige, T., Nakanishi, N. & Tatara, K. ( 1999; ). Effect of early fosfomycin treatment on prevention of hemolytic uremic syndrome accompanying Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infection. Clin Nephrol 52, 357–362.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Jackson, J. J. & Kropp, H. ( 1992; ). β-Lactam antibiotic-induced release of free endotoxin: in vitro comparison of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2-specific imipenem and PBP 3-specific ceftazidime. J Infect Dis 165, 1033–1041.[CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
8. Jackson, M. P., Neill, R. J., O'Brien, A. D., Holmes, R. K. & Newland, J. W. ( 1987; ). Nucleotide sequence analysis and comparison of the structural genes for Shiga-like toxin I and Shiga-like toxin II encoded by bacteriophages from Escherichia coli 933. FEMS Microbiol Lett 44, 109–114.[CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
9. Kahan, F. M., Kahan, J. S., Cassidy, P. J. & Kropp, H. ( 1974; ). The mechanism of action of fosfomycin (phosphonomycin). Ann N Y Acad Sci 235, 364–386.[CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
10. Kimmitt, P. T., Harwood, C. R. & Barer, M. R. ( 1999; ). Induction of type 2 Shiga toxin synthesis in Escherichia coli O157 by 4-quinolones. Lancet 353, 1588–1589.[CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
11. Kimmitt, P. T., Harwood, C. R. & Barer, M. R. ( 2000; ). Toxin gene expression by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: the role of antibiotics and the bacterial SOS response. Emerg Infect Dis 6, 458–465.[CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
12. Matsushiro, A., Sato, K., Miyamoto, H., Yamamura, T. & Honda, T. ( 1999; ). Induction of prophages of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 with norfloxacin. J Bacteriol 181, 2257–2260.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Ohara-Nemoto, Y., Kobayashi, M. & Kaneko, M. ( 1997; ). Genotype analysis of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 strains isolated in Iwate prefecture from 1996 to February 1997. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 71, 1232–1237 (in Japanese).[CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
14. Ohara-Nemoto, Y., Ikeda, Y., Kobayashi, M., Sasaki, M., Tajika, S. & Kimura, S. ( 2002; ). Characterization and molecular cloning of a glutamyl endopeptidase from Staphylococcus epidermidis. Microb Pathog 33, 33–41.[CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
15. Panos, G. Z., Betsi, G. I. & Falagas, M. E. ( 2006; ). Systematic review: are antibiotics detrimental or beneficial for the treatment of patients with Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infection? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 24, 731–742.[CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
16. Sasaki, M., Ohara-Nemoto, Y., Tajika, S., Kobayashi, M., Yamaura, C. & Kimura, S. ( 2001; ). Antigenic characterization of a novel Streptococcus anginosus antigen that induces nitric oxide synthesis by murine peritoneal exudates cells. J Med Microbiol 50, 952–958.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Tarr, P. I., Gordon, C. A. & Chandler, W. L. ( 2005; ). Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli and haemolytic uremic syndrome. Lancet 365, 1073–1086.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Tomita, T., Ohara-Nemoto, Y., Moriyama, H., Ozawa, A., Takeda, Y. & Kikuchi, K. ( 2007; ). A novel in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model based on two-compartment open model used to simulate serum drug concentration-time profiles. Microbiol Immunol 51, 567–575.[CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
19. Wong, C. S., Jelacic, S., Harbeeb, R. L., Watkins, S. L. & Tarr, P. I. ( 2000; ). The risk of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome after antibiotic treatment of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infections. N Engl J Med 342, 1930–1936.[CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
20. Zhang, X., McDaniel, A. D., Wolf, L. E., Keusch, G. T., Waldor, M. K. & Acheson, D. W. K. ( 2000; ). Quinolone antibiotics induce Shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophages, toxin production, and death in mice. J Infect Dis 181, 664–670.[CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]