1887

Abstract

Sequential multiplex PCR was evaluated for detection of multiple serotypes directly from nasopharyngeal secretions. A total of 279 nasopharyngeal swab samples were tested blindly. When limited to the 29 serotypes identifiable by the molecular method, the mean number of serotypes identified by the conventional latex/Quellung method was 0.85, which was significantly lower than that by the molecular method ( <0.0001). The multiplex PCR method identified significantly more serotypes than the latex/Quellung method if limited to the 29 serotypes (=0.001 and =0.014, respectively).

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.006031-0
2009-03-01
2024-10-03
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/58/3/296.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.006031-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Antonio M., Dada-Adegbola H., Biney E., Awine T., O'Callaghan J., Pfluger V., Enwere G., Okoko B., Oluwalana C. other authors 2008; Molecular epidemiology of pneumococci obtained from Gambian children aged 2–29 months with invasive pneumococcal disease during a trial of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. BMC Infect Dis 8:81 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Berkley J. A., Lowe B., Mwangi I., Williams T., Bauni E., Mwarumba S., Ngetsa C., Slack M. P., Njenga S. other authors 2005; Bacteremia among children admitted to a rural hospital in Kenya. N Engl J Med 352:39–47 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Berman S. 1995; Otitis media in children. N Engl J Med 332:1560–1565 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Dagan R., Givon-Lavi N., Zamir O., Fraser D. 2003; Effect of a nonvalent conjugate vaccine on carriage of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in day-care centres. Pediatr Infect Dis J 22:532–540
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Dias C. A., Teixeira L., Carvalho M. G., Beall B. 2007; Sequential multiplex PCR for determining capsular serotypes of pneumococci recovered from Brazilian children. J Med Microbiol 56:1185–1188 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Enwere G., Biney E., Cheung Y., Zaman S., Okoko B., Oluwalana C., Vaughan A., Greenwood B., Adegbola R. other authors 2006; Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of community-acquired invasive bacterial infections in children aged 2–29 months in The Gambia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 25:700–705 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Frederiksen B., Henrichsen J. 1988; Throat carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes among infants and children in Zambia. J Trop Pediatr 34:114–117 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Ghaffar F., Barton T., Lozano J., Muniz L., Hicks P., Gan V., Ahmad N., McCracken G. J. 2004; Effect of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae in the first 2 years of life. Clin Infect Dis 39:930–938 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Gratten M., Gratten H., Poli A., Carrad E., Raymer M., Koki G. 1986; Colonisation of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract of neonates in Papua New Guinea; primary acquisition, duration of carriage, and relationship to carriage in mothers. Biol Neonate 50:114–120 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Gray B. M., Converse G. III, Dillon H. Jr 1980; Epidemiologic studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants: acquisition, carriage and infections during the first 24 months of life. J Infect Dis 142:923–933 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Greenwood B. 1999; The epidemiology of pneumococcal infection in children in the developing world. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 354:777–785 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Hausdorff W. P., Bryant J., Paradiso P., Siber G. 2000; Which pneumococcal serogroups cause the most invasive disease: implications for conjugate vaccine formulation and use. Clin Infect Dis 30:100–121 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hill P. C., Akisanya A., Sankareh K., Cheung Y., Saaka M., Lahai G., Greenwood B., Adegbola R. 2006; Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gambian villagers. Clin Infect Dis 43:673–679 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Hill P. C., Cheung Y., Akisanya A., Sankareh K., Lahai G., Greenwood B., Adegbola R. 2008; Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gambian infants: a longitudinal study. Clin Infect Dis 46:807–814 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Jones N., Huebner R., Khoosal M., Crewe-Brown H., Klugman K. 1998; The impact of HIV on Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia in a South African population. AIDS 12:2177–2184 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Klugman K. P. 2001; Efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and their effect on carriage and antimicrobial resistance. Lancet Infect Dis 1:85–91 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Lloyd-Evans N., O'Dempsey T., Baldeh I., Secka O., Demba E., Todd J., McArdle T., Banya W., Greenwood B. 1996; Nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci in Gambian children and in their families. Pediatr Infect Dis J 15:866–871 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Madhi S. A., Petersen K., Madhi A., Wasas A., Klugman K. 2000; Impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 on the disease spectrum of Streptococcus pneumoniae in South African children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 19:1141–1147 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Mbelle N., Huebner R., Wasas A., Kimura A., Chang I., Klugman K. 1999; Immunogenicity and impact on nasopharyngeal carriage of a nonavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis 180:1171–1176 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Morais L., Carvalho M. G., Roca A., Flannery B., Mandomando I., Soriano-Gabarró M., Sigauque B., Alonso P., Beall B. 2007; Sequential multiplex PCR for identifying pneumococcal capsular serotypes from South-Saharan African clinical isolates. J Med Microbiol 56:1181–1184 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Obaro S. K., Adegbola R., Banya W., Greenwood B. 1996; Carriage of pneumococci after pneumococcal vaccination. Lancet 348:271–272
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Obaro S. K., Adegbola R., Chang I., Banya W., Jaffar S., McAdam K., Greenwood B. 2000; Safety and immunogenicity of a nano-valent pneumococcal vaccine conjugated to CRM197 administered simultaneously but in a separate syringe with diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine in Gambian infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 19:463–469 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. O'Brien K. L., Nohynek H. 2003; Report from a WHO Working Group: standard method for detecting upper respiratory carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae . Pediatr Infect Dis J 22:133–140
    [Google Scholar]
  24. O'Brien K. L., Moulton L., Reid R., Weatherholtz R., Oski J., Brown L., Kumar G., Parkinson A., Hu D. other authors 2003; Efficacy and safety of seven-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in American Indian children: group randomised trial. Lancet 362:355–361 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Pai R., Gertz R., Beall B. 2006; Sequential multiplex PCR approach for determining capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. J Clin Microbiol 44:124–131 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Park I. H., Pritchard D., Cartee R., Brandao A., Brandileone M., Nahm M. 2007; Discovery of a new capsular serotype (6C) within serogroup 6 of Streptococcus pneumoniae . J Clin Microbiol 45:1225–1233 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Scott J. A. 2007; The preventable burden of pneumococcal disease in the developing world. Vaccine 25:2398–2405 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Scott J. A., Brooks W., Peiris J., Holtzman D., Mulholland E. 2008; Pneumonia research to reduce childhood mortality in developing world. J Clin Invest 118:1291–1300 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Shann F. 1986; Etiology of severe pneumonia in children in developing countries. Pediatr Infect Dis 5:247–252 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Syrjären R. K., Auranen K., Leino T., Kilpi T., Mäkelä P. 2005; Pneumococcal acute otitis media in relation to pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage. Pediatr Infect Dis J 24:801–806 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Whitney C. G., Farley M. M., Hadler J., Harrison L. H., Bennett N. M., Lynfield R., Reingold A., Cieslak P. R., Pilishvili T. other authors 2003; Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of protein–polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. N Engl J Med 348:1737–1746 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.006031-0
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.006031-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error