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Journal of Medical Microbiology logo Journal of Medical Microbiology

Volume 74, Issue 11

and genotypes and gastroduodenal diseases: a cross-sectional study from the Mekong Delta of Vietnam Open Access

Abstract

The and genes encode the CagA and VacA proteins, which are the two main toxins of . Regardless of whether the illness is benign or malignant, the majority of Asian strains are () and s1 ( signal region 1 allele); hence, these genotypes cannot account for the severity of gastroduodenal disease.

The gene encodes the important adhesin BabA of , which is crucial for persistent colonization and facilitates the translocation of CagA into host gastric epithelial cells. The synergic interaction of toxins, including CagA, VacA and BabA, could significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of . The investigation of , and genes in clinical isolates in Asian nations, particularly Vietnam, is insufficient.

To investigate the , and genotypes to further understand their synergistic interaction in the development of gastroduodenal disease in Vietnamese populations.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 169 . strains isolated from patients with gastroduodenal disease. The PCR assays were performed to determine the , and genotypes on DNA extracted from cultured isolates.

The research showed that the percentage of the (+), (+), s1m1 and s1m2 was 87.6%, 73.4%, 52.1% and 44.4%, respectively. The frequencies of (+)/(+)/s1m1 and (+)/(+)/s1m2 combinations were 44.4% and 28.4 %, respectively. The (+)/(+)/s1m2 combination was associated with peptic ulcer disease [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=5.53, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.09–28.16, =0.039] in male patients and chronic gastritis with precancerous lesions (aOR=5.31, 95 % CI 1.23–22.89, =0.025) in female patients.

The (+)/(+)/s1m1 and (+)/(+)/s1m2 combinations were found to be quite prevalent among Vietnamese strains. The synergistic effect of (+), (+) and s1m2 in increasing the odds of both peptic ulcer disease and gastric precancerous lesions has been observed.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): babA2 , cagA , gastric precancerous lesions , gastroduodenal disease , Helicobacter pylori and vacA
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Quỹ Đổi mới sáng tạo Vingroup (Award VINIF.2022.TS090)
    • Principal Award Recipient: ThiHong Nhung Thai
© 2025 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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2025-11-18
2025-12-09

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/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.002096
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Helicobacter pylori cagA, vacA and babA2 genotypes and gastroduodenal diseases: a cross-sectional study from the Mekong Delta of Vietnam
J. Med. Microbiol. 74, 002096 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.002096
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.002096
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.002096
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