Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on invasive pneumococcal disease in American Indian communities in the Southwest US

References

1. Brueggemann AB, Jansen van Rensburg MJ, Shaw D, McCarthy ND, Jolley KA et al. Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the invasive respiratory infection surveillance initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data. Lancet Digit Health 2021; 3:e360–e370 [View Article] [PubMed]
   [Google Scholar]
2. Casanova C, Küffer M, Leib SL, Hilty M. Re-emergence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and increase of serotype 23B after easing of COVID-19 measures, Switzerland, 2021. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:2202–2204 [View Article] [PubMed]
   [Google Scholar]
3. Weatherholtz R, Grant L, Douglass G et al. Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) on invasive pneumococcal disease among American Indians living on the Navajo Reservation. Paper presented at the The 11th International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases (ISPPD) (Melbourne, Australia). April 15-19, 2018
   [Google Scholar]
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID Data Tracker. n.d https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker accessed 20 July 2023
5. Weatherholtz R, Millar EV, Moulton LH, Reid R, Rudolph K et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease a decade after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use in an American Indian population at high risk for disease. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:1238–1246 [View Article] [PubMed]
   [Google Scholar]
6. Navajo Department of Health Dikos Ntsaaígíí-19 (COVID-19). n.d https://ndoh.navajo-nsn.gov/covid-19 accessed 17 November 2022
7. White Mountain Apache Tribe The White Mountain Apache Tribe emergency operations center. n.d https://www.facebook.com/people/White-Mountain-Apache-Tribe-Emergency-Operations-Center/100064631238448 accessed 17 November 2022
8. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 29th ed. Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2019
9. Achangwa C, Park H, Ryu S, Lee M-S. Collateral impact of public health and social measures on respiratory virus activity during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020-2021. Viruses 2022; 14:1071 [View Article] [PubMed]
   [Google Scholar]
10. Bertran M, Amin-Chowdhury Z, Sheppard CL, Eletu S, Zamarreño DV et al. Increased incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among children after COVID-19 pandemic, England. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1669–1672 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
11. Nation ML, Manna S, Tran HP, Nguyen CD, Vy LTT et al. Impact of COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on pneumococcal carriage prevalence and density in Vietnam. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0361522 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
12. Danino D, Ben-Shimol S, van der Beek BA, Givon-Lavi N, Avni YS et al. Decline in pneumococcal disease in young children during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Israel associated with suppression of seasonal respiratory viruses, despite persistent pneumococcal carriage: a prospective cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:e1154–e1164 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
13. Grant LR, Weatherholtz R, Alexander-Parrish R et al. Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage among American Indian children and adults during routine use of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13. Paper presented at the 11th International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases (ISPPD 2018). April 15-19, 2018
    [Google Scholar]
14. Beall B, Walker H, Tran T, Li Z, Varghese J et al. Upsurge of conjugate vaccine serotype 4 invasive pneumococcal disease clusters among adults experiencing homelessness in California, Colorado, and New Mexico. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:1241–1249 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
15. Zivich PN, Grabenstein JD, Becker-Dreps SI, Weber DJ. Streptococcus pneumoniae outbreaks and implications for transmission and control: a systematic review. Pneumonia 2018; 10:11 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]