Skip to content
1887

Journal of Medical Microbiology logo Journal of Medical Microbiology

Volume 74, Issue 1

Antifungal potential of silver nanoparticles stabilized with the flavonoid naringenin No Access

Graphical Abstract

Graphical abstract

Biosynthesis and antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles stabilized with naringenin.

Abstract

Fungal infections caused by yeast have increased in recent decades, becoming a major threat to public health.

Antifungal therapy represents a challenging problem because, in addition to presenting many side effects, fungal resistance has been increasing in recent years. As a result, the search for new therapeutic agents has advanced with the use of new technologies such as nanoparticles (NPs).

Synthesize, characterize and evaluate the antifungal potential of naringenin (NAR)-stabilized silver NPs.

The biosynthesis of NPs was stabilized using the NAR molecule and an aqueous solution of silver nitrate. The characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was performed using different methods, which include UV-visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential measurements and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Antifungal activity was evaluated against clinical isolates of by determining the MIC and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC).

The AgNP NAR showed a colloidal appearance with an average size of 14.71 nm and zeta potential measured at −33.3 mV, indicating a highly stable suspension. XRD analysis confirmed the crystal structure. FTIR spectra showed the presence of several functional groups of plant compounds, which play an important role in the coating and bioreduction processes. The antifungal activity against showed an MIC of 3.55 µg ml and an MFC of 7.1 µg ml. According to the growth kinetic assay in 12 h, there was a reduction of ~50% (<3 log10). Furthermore, AgNP NAR did not show mutagenic potential.

The AgNP NAR obtained presented ideal characteristics for biomedical applications, good stability and promising antimicrobial activity.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): antimicrobial , Candida albicans , nanotechnology and natural products
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Award 307777/2023-5)
    • Principal Award Recipient: NegriMelyssa
  • Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Award 001)
    • Principal Award Recipient: luiz correajakeline
© 2024 The Authors
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001945
2025-01-21
2026-01-20

Metrics

Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Arendrup MC, Patterson TF. Multidrug-resistant Candida: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and treatment. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:S445–S451 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. de Albuquerque Maranhão FC, Oliveira-Júnior JB, Dos Santos Araújo MA, Silva DMW. Mycoses in northeastern Brazil: epidemiology and prevalence of fungal species in 8 years of retrospective analysis in Alagoas. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:969–978 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Denning DW, Page ID, Chakaya J, Jabeen K, Jude CM et al. Case definition of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in resource-constrained settings. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24:e171312 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. WHO Global health estimates: leading causes of death; 2019 https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-globalhealth-estimates/ghe-leading-causes-of-death accessed 20 July 2023
  5. Herman A, Herman AP. Herbal products and their active constituents used alone and in combination with antifungal drugs against drug-resistant Candida sp. Antibiotics 2021; 10:655 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Lima R, Del Fiol FS, Balcão VM. Prospects for the use of new technologies to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:692 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Cheng X, Xie Q, Sun Y. Advances in nanomaterial-based targeted drug delivery systems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1177151 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Khan I, Saeed K, Khan I. Nanoparticles: properties, applications and toxicities. Arab J Chemi 2019; 12:908–931 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Mosleh-Shirazi S, Abbasi M, Shafiee M, Kasaee SR, Amani AM. Renal clearable nanoparticles: an expanding horizon for improving biomedical imaging and cancer therapy. Mater Today Commun 2021; 26:102064 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Capuano N, Amato A, Dell’Annunziata F, Giordano F, Folliero V et al. Nanoparticles and their antibacterial application in endodontics. Antibiotics 2023; 12:1690 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Khalifa E, Abdel Rafea M, Mustapha N, Sultan R, Hafez E. Silver nanoparticles synthesized by probiotic bacteria and antibacterial role in resistant bacteria. AMB Express 2023; 13:140 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Radzikowska-Büchner E, Flieger W, Pasieczna-Patkowska S, Franus W, Panek R et al. Antimicrobial and apoptotic efficacy of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles. Molecules 2023; 28:5519 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Ribeiro LG, Roque GSC, Conrado R, De Souza AO. Antifungal activity of mycogenic silver nanoparticles on clinical yeasts and phytopathogens. Antibiotics 2023; 12:91 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Naumenko K, Zahorodnia S, Pop CV, Rizun N. Antiviral activity of silver nanoparticles against the influenza A virus. J Virus Erad 2023; 9:100330 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Cai J, Wen H, Zhou H, Zhang D, Lan D et al. Naringenin: a flavanone with anti-inflammatory and anti-infective properties. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2023; 164:114990 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Duda-Madej A, Stecko J, Sobieraj J, Szymańska N, Kozłowska J. Naringenin and its derivatives-health-promoting phytobiotic against resistant bacteria and fungi in humans. Antibiotics 2022; 11:1628 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Yue J, Yang H, Liu S, Song F, Guo J et al. Influence of naringenin on the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. J Dent 2018; 76:24–31 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Xu N, Liu S, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zuo Y et al. Oxidative stress signaling in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and the potential therapeutic role of antioxidant naringenin. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2246720 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Fuster MG, Carissimi G, Montalbán MG, Víllora G. Improving anticancer therapy with naringenin-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:718 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Stabrauskiene J, Kopustinskiene DM, Lazauskas R, Bernatoniene J. Naringin and naringenin: their mechanisms of action and the potential anticancer activities. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1686 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Kukushkina EA, Hossain SI, Sportelli MC, Ditaranto N, Picca RA et al. Ag-based synergistic antimicrobial composites. a critical review. Nanomaterials 2021; 11:1687 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Lee NY, Ko WC, Hsueh PR. Nanoparticles in the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1153 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Zhao Y, Ye L, Zhao F, Zhang L, Lu Z et al. Cryptococcus neoformans, a global threat to human health. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:20 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Roy N, Mondal S, Laskar RA, Basu S, Mandal D et al. Biogenic synthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles by Indian propolis and its constituents. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 76:317–325 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Jarros IC, Veiga FF, Corrêa JL, Barros ILE, Gadelha MC et al. Microbiological and virulence aspects of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. EXCLI J 2020; 19:687–704 [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Kischkel B, Rossi SA, Santos SR, Nosanchuk JD, Travassos LR et al. Therapies and vaccines based on nanoparticles for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:463 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Mortelmans K, Zeiger E. The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay. Mutat Res 2000; 455:29–60 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  28. OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals. Bacterial reverse mutation test 1997Section 4
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Corrêa JL, Veiga FF, Jarros IC, Costa MI, Castilho PF et al. Propolis extract has bioactivity on the wall and cell membrane of Candida albicans. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 256:112791 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Klepser ME, Ernst EJ, Lewis RE, Ernst ME, Pfaller MA. Influence of test conditions on antifungal time-kill curve results: proposal for standardized methods. Antimicrobial. Agents Chemother 1998; 42:1207–1212
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Bernstein L, Kaldor J, McCann J, Pike MC. An empirical approach to the statistical analysis of mutagenesis data from the Salmonella test. Mutat Res 1982; 97:267–281 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Ingle A, Gade A, Pierrat S, Sonnichsen C, Rai M. Mycosinthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium acuminatum and its activity against some human pathogenic bacteria. Curr Nanosci 2008; 4:141–144
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Palithya S, Gaddam SA, Kotakadi VS, Penchalaneni J, Golla N et al. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using flower extracts of Aerva lanata and their biomedical applications. Part Sci Technol 2022; 40:84–96 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Ahmed S, Annu M, Ikram S, Yudha S. S. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles: a green approach. J Photochem 2016; 161:141–153 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Mendez-Pfeiffer P, Juarez J, Hernandez J, Taboada P, Virués C et al. Nanocarriers as drug delivery systems for propolis: a therapeutic approach. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021; 65:102762 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Patil RB, Chougale AD. Analytical methods for the identification and characterization of silver nanoparticles: a brief review. Mater Today Proc 2021; 47:5520–5532 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Pryshchepa O, Pomastowski P, Buszewski B. Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, investigation techniques, and properties. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 284:102246 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Joudeh N, Linke D. Nanoparticle classification, physicochemical properties, characterization, and applications: a comprehensive review for biologists. J Nanobiotechnol 2022; 20: [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Gecer EN, Erenler R, Temiz C, Genc N, Yildiz I. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Echinacea purpurea (L.) moench com perfil antioxidante. Part Sci Technol 2021 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Said A, Abu-Elghait M, Atta HM, Salem SS. Antibacterial activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Lawsonia inermis against common pathogens from urinary tract infection. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:85–98 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Krysa M, Szymańska-Chargot M, Zdunek A. FT-IR and FT-raman fingerprints of flavonoids – a review. Food Chem 2022; 393:133430 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Barabadi H, Mojab F, Vahidi H, Marashi B, Talank N et al. Green synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory activity of silver nanoparticles compared to commercial silver nanoparticles. Inorg Chem Commun 2021; 129:108647 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Rezvani E, Rafferty A, McGuinness C, Kennedy J. Adverse effects of nanosilver on human health and the environment. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:145–159 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Tortella GR, Rubilar O, Durán N, Diez MC, Martínez M et al. Silver nanoparticles: toxicity in model organisms as an overview of its hazard for human health and the environment. J Hazard Mater 2020; 390:121974 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Gurunathan S, Qasim M, Park C, Yoo H, Kim JH et al. Cytotoxic potential and molecular pathway analysis of silver nanoparticles in human colon cancer cells HCT116. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:2269 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Valente-Campos S, Dias CL, Barbour EDA, de Souza Nascimento E, de Aragão Umbuzeiro G. The introduction of the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay in a groundwater monitoring program. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2009; 675:17–22 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Levy DD, Zeiger E, Escobar PA, Hakura A, van der Leede B-JM et al. Recommended criteria for the evaluation of bacterial mutagenicity data (Ames test). Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2019; 848:403074 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Test guidelines programme for the testing of chemicals 2023. consulta institutional; 2023
  49. Williams RV, DeMarini DM, Stankowski LF Jr, Escobar PA, Zeiger E et al. Are all bacterial strains required by OECD mutagenicity test guideline TG471 needed?. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2019; 848:503081 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Daneshnia F, de Almeida Júnior JN, Ilkit M, Lombardi L, Perry AM et al. Worldwide emergence of fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis: current framework and future research roadmap. Lancet Microbe 2023; 4:e470-e480 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Naveed M, Batool H, Rehman S ur, Javed A, Makhdoom SI et al. Characterization and evaluation of the antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized using brachychiton populneus leaf extract. Processes 2022; 10:1521 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001945
Loading
Antifungal potential of silver nanoparticles stabilized with the flavonoid naringenin
J. Med. Microbiol. 74, 001945 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001945
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001945
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001945
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material 1

PDF

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error