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Journal of Medical Microbiology logo Journal of Medical Microbiology

Volume 73, Issue 10

Phenotypic diversity of type III secretion system activity in enteropathogenic clinical isolates Open Access

Abstract

Enteropathogenic (EPEC) strains pose a significant threat as a leading cause of severe childhood diarrhoea in developing nations. EPEC pathogenicity relies on the type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), facilitating the secretion and translocation of bacterial effector proteins.

While the regulatory roles of PerC (plasmid-encoded regulator) and GrlA (global regulator of LEE-activator) in expression and LEE gene activation are well-documented in the EPEC prototype strain E2348/69, understanding the variability in LEE gene expression control mechanisms among clinical EPEC isolates remains an area requiring further investigation.

This study aims to explore the diversity in LEE gene expression control mechanisms among clinical EPEC isolates through a comparative analysis of secretion profiles under defined growth conditions favouring either PerC- or GrlA-mediated activation of LEE expression.

We compared T3SS-dependent secretion patterns and promoter expression in both typical EPEC (tEPEC) and atypical EPEC (aEPEC) clinical isolates under growth conditions favouring either PerC- or GrlA-mediated activation of LEE expression. Additionally, we conducted promoter reporter activity assays, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot experiments to assess gene expression activity.

Significant differences in T3SS-dependent secretion were observed among tEPEC and aEPEC strains, independent of LEE sequence variations or T3SS gene functionality. Notably, a clinical tEPEC isolate exhibited increased secretion levels under repressive growth conditions and in the absence of both PerC and GrlA, implicating an alternative mechanism in the activation of Ler (LEE-encoded regulator) expression.

Our findings indicate that uncharacterized LEE regulatory mechanisms contribute to phenotypic diversity among clinical EPEC isolates, though their impact on clinical outcomes remains unknown. This challenges the conventional understanding based on reference strains and highlights the need to investigate beyond established models to comprehensively elucidate EPEC pathogenesis.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): clinical isolates , enteropathogenic Escherichia coli , GrlA , Ler , locus of enterocyte effacement , pathogenesis , PerC , phenotypic diversity , regulatory mechanisms and type III secretion system
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Award DGAPA-PAPIIT IN213516 and IN218322)
    • Principal Award Recipient: JoseLuis Puente
  • Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Award 154287, 239659, and FC-2015-2/950)
    • Principal Award Recipient: JoseLuis Puente
© 2024 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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2025-11-16

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Phenotypic diversity of type III secretion system activity in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli clinical isolates
J. Med. Microbiol. 73, 001907 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001907
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001907
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001907
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