Skip to content
1887

Abstract

Between March and October 2022, a peak of detection of by qPCR, real-time PCR was observed in France.

Whether this peak was due to resurgence from previous circulating lineages or reintroduction into the country was unknown.

The objective of this study is to understand transient increase observed in France in 2022 whereas it had virtually stopped being reported since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.

We analysed real-time PCR (qPCR) data from the two largest French outpatient laboratories performing whooping cough diagnosis and characterized all isolates collected in the 2016–2022 period by the French National Reference Centre for Whooping Cough.

Microbiological analyses reveal that 13 of 18 bacterial isolates collected in 2022 produce the vaccine antigen pertactin, whereas none of the 22 isolates collected in the 2016–2021 period did.

We hypothesize a re-introduction of from regions of the world where whole-cell vaccines are still in use.

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Santé publique France
    • Principle Award Recipient: ValérieBouchez
  • Institut Pasteur
    • Principle Award Recipient: ValérieBouchez
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001843
2024-07-12
2025-05-13
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Kandeil W, van den Ende C, Bunge EM, Jenkins VA, Ceregido MA et al. A systematic review of the burden of pertussis disease in infants and the effectiveness of maternal immunization against pertussis. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:621–638 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Watanabe M, Nagai M. Whooping cough due to Bordetella parapertussis: an unresolved problem. Expert Rev of Anti-infect Ther 2004; 2:447–454 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Matczak S, Levy C, Fortas C, Cohen JF, Béchet S et al. Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and pertussis derived from multiple nationwide data sources, France, 2013 to 2020. Euro Surveill 2022; 27: [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Brueggemann AB, Jansen van Rensburg MJ, Shaw D, McCarthy ND, Jolley KA et al. Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the invasive respiratory infection surveillance initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data. Lancet Digit Health 2021; 3:e360–e370 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. ecdc Surveillance atlas of infectious diseases. n.d https://atlas.ecdc.europa.eu/public/index.aspx
  6. CDC Atlanta Pertussis (whooping cough). Surveillance and reporting. n.d https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/surv-reporting.html
  7. Tubiana S, Belchior E, Guillot S, Guiso N, Lévy-Bruhl D et al. Monitoring the impact of vaccination on pertussis in infants using an active hospital-based pediatric surveillance network: results from 17 years’ experience, 1996-2012, France. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015; 34:814–820 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Tizolova A, Brun D, Guiso N, Guillot S. Development of real-time PCR assay for differential detection of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 78:347–351 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Bouchez V, Brun D, Dore G, Njamkepo E, Guiso N. Bordetella parapertussis isolates not expressing pertactin circulating in France. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17:675–682 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Bridel S, Bouchez V, Brancotte B, Hauck S, Armatys N et al. A comprehensive resource for Bordetella genomic epidemiology and biodiversity studies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3807 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Robert Koch Institut AKTUELLE DATEN UND INFORMATIONEN ZU INFEKTIONSKRANKHEITEN UND PUBLIC HEALTH Epidemiologisches Bulletin. n.d https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Infekt/EpidBull/Archiv/2023/Ausgaben/33_23.pdf?__blob=publicationFile
  12. Bryant KA. Bordetella parapertussis reemerges as a cause of respiratory illness in children. Pediatric News; 2023 https://www.mdedge.com/pediatrics/article/263706/infectious-diseases/bordetella-parapertussis-reemerges-cause-respiratory
  13. Flipse J, Tromp AT, Bosman J, Ten Hove C, Beks H et al. Pseudo-outbreak of Bordetella parapertussis caused by contaminated swabs in the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:890–892 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Taine M, Offredo L, Drouin J, Toubiana J, Weill A et al. Mandatory infant vaccinations in France during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:666848 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Liko J, Robison SG, Cieslak PR. Do pertussis vaccines protect against Bordetella parapertussis?. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 64:1795–1797 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Kamachi K, Otsuka N, Fumimoto R, Ozawa K, Yao S-M et al. A novel multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis for Bordetella parapertussis. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1671–1676 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Safarchi A, Saedi S, Tay CY, Lamichhane B, Nakhost Lotfi M et al. Genome characteristic of Bordetella parapertussis isolated from Iran. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:314 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Ma L, Caulfield A, Dewan KK, Harvill ET. Pertactin-deficient Bordetella pertussis, vaccine-driven evolution, and reemergence of pertussis. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1561–1566 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001843
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001843
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error