Skip to content
1887

Journal of Medical Microbiology logo Journal of Medical Microbiology

Volume 71, Issue 5

JMM Profile: Louping ill virus Open Access

This article is part of the JMM Profiles collection.

Abstract

Louping ill virus (LIV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus within the genus that is transmitted to vertebrate hosts by bites from infected ticks, the arthropod vector. The virus affects livestock in upland areas of Great Britain and Ireland, resulting in a febrile illness that can progress to fatal encephalitis. Prevention of the disease is facilitated by combining acaricide treatment, land management and vaccination strategies. However, vaccines have been discontinued in recent years. Although rare, LIV can be transmitted to and cause disease in humans. Consequently, LIV infection is a threat to human and veterinary health and can impact on the rural economy.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): Flaviviridae , Ixodes ricinus , vector-borne disease and zoonotic disease
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Award SE0559)
    • Principle Award Recipient: NotApplicable
  • Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Award SV3045)
    • Principle Award Recipient: NotApplicable
© 2022 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001502
2022-05-23
2025-03-20
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/71/5/jmm001502.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001502&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Greig JR, Brownlee A, Wilson DR, Gordon WS. The nature of louping ill. Vet Rec 1931; 11:325–333
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Jeffries CL, Mansfield KL, Phipps LP, Wakeley PR, Mearns R et al. Louping ill virus: an endemic tick-borne disease of Great Britain. .J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1005–1014 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Davidson MM, Williams H, Macleod JA. Louping ill in man: a forgotten disease. .J Infect 1991; 23:241–249 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Mansfield KL, Horton DL, Johnson NJ, Li L, Barrett ADT et al. Flavivirus-induced antibody cross-reactivity. .J Gen Virol 2011; 92:2821–2829 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Dorey-Robinson D, Folly AJ, Phipps LP, Vidana B, Holmes P et al. Louping Ill virus outbreak in North-East Wales. Access Microbiology 2019; 1: [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Marriott L, Willoughby K, Chianini F, Dagleish MP, Scholes S et al. Detection of Louping ill virus in clinical specimens from mammals and birds using TaqMan RT-PCR. .J Virol Methods 2006; 137:21–28 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Holding M, Dowall SD, Medlock JM, Carter DP, Pullan ST et al. Tick-borne encephalitis virus, united kingdom. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:90–96 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. McGuire K, Holmes EC, Gao GF, Reid HW, Gould EA. Tracing the origins of louping ill virus by molecular phylogenetic analysis. J Gen Virol 1995; 79:981–988
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Clark JJ, Gilray J, Orton RJ, Baird M, Wilkie G et al. Population genomics of louping ill virus provide new insights into the evolution of tick-borne flaviviruses. PLoS .Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008133 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Gilbert L. Louping ill virus in the UK: a review of the hosts, transmission and ecological consequences of control. .Exp Appl Acarol 2016; 68:363–374 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Kellman EM, Offerdahl DK, Melik W, Bloom ME. Viral determinants of virulence in tick-borne Flaviviruses. Viruses 2018; 10:E329 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Andersen NS, Larsen SL, Olesen CR, Stiasny K, Kolmos HJ et al. Continued expansion of tick-borne pathogens: Tick-borne encephalitis virus complex and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Denmark. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:115–123 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Reid HW, Buxton D, Pow I, Brodie TA, Holmes PH et al. Response of sheep to experimental concurrent infection with tick-borne fever (Cytoecetes phagocytophila) and louping-ill virus. Res Vet Sci 1986; 41:56–62 [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001502
Loading
JMM Profile: Louping ill virus
J. Med. Microbiol. 71, 001502 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001502
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001502
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001502
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error