1887

Journal of Medical Microbiology logo

Volume 70, Issue 10

Is there an optimal method to detach biofilm from dental materials? No Access

Abstract

can produce a complex, dynamic and resistant biofilm on the surface of dental materials, especially denture base acrylic resins and temporary soft liners. This biofilm is the main aetiological factor for denture stomatitis, an oral inflammatory condition characterized by chronic and diffuse erythema and oedema of the denture bearing mucosa.

There is no consensus in the literature regarding the best method to detach biofilms from dental materials. In order to assess the antifungal efficacy of new materials and treatments, the biofilm needs to be properly detached and quantified.

This study compared different methods of detaching biofilm from denture base acrylic resin (Vipi Cril) and temporary soft liner (Softone) specimens.

Specimens of each material were immersed in an inoculum of SC5314 and remained for 90 min in orbital agitation at 75 r.p.m. and 37 °C. After the removal of non-adherent cells, the specimens were immersed in RPMI-1640 medium for 48 h. Biofilm formation was evaluated with confocal laser scanning microscopy (=5). Then, other specimens (=7) were fabricated, contaminated and immersed in 3 ml of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and vortexed or sonicated for 1, 2, 5, or 10 min to detach the biofilm. The quantification of detached biofilm was performed by colony-forming unit (c.f.u.) ml count. Results were submitted to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Tukey HSD test (α=0.05).

A mature and viable biofilm was observed on the surfaces of both materials. For both materials, there was no significant difference (>0.05) among detachment methods.

Any of the tested methods could be used to detach biofilm from hard and soft acrylic materials.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): acrylic resins , biofilms , Candida albicans , dental materials , dental tissue conditioning and denture liners
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Award Grant 2017/07314-1)
© 2021 The Authors
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001436
2021-10-08
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Tobouti PL, Casaroto AR, de Almeida RSC, de Paula Ramos S, Dionísio TJ et al. Expression of secreted aspartyl proteinases in an experimental model of Candida albicans-associated denture stomatitis. J Prosthodont 2016; 25:127–134 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Webb BC, Thomas CJ, Whittle T. A 2-year study of candida-associated denture stomatitis treatment in aged care subjects. Gerodontology 2005; 22:168–176 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Hilgert JB, Giordani JM do A, de Souza RF, Wendland EMDR, D’Avila OP et al. Interventions for the management of denture stomatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64:2539–2545 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Gendreau L, Loewy ZG. Epidemiology and etiology of denture stomatitis. J Prosthodont 2011; 20:251–260 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Johnson CC, Yu A, Lee H, Fidel PL, Noverr MC. Development of a contemporary animal model of Candida albicans-associated denture stomatitis using a novel intraoral denture system. Infect Immun 2012; 80:1736–1743 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Alrabiah M, Alsahhaf A, Alofi RS, Al-Aali KA, Abduljabbar T et al. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy versus local nystatin in the treatment of denture stomatitis: A randomized clinical study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:98–101 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Lee H, Yu A, Johnson CC, Lilly EA, Noverr MC et al. Fabrication of a multi-applicable removable intraoral denture system for rodent research. J Oral Rehabil 2011; 38:686–690 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Al-Harbi FA, Abdel-Halim MS, Gad MM, Fouda SM, Baba NZ et al. Effect of nanodiamond addition on flexural strength, impact strength, and surface roughness of PMMA denture base. J Prosthodont 2019; 28:e417–e425 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Cevik P, Yildirim-Bicer AZ. The Effect of Silica and Prepolymer Nanoparticles on the Mechanical Properties of Denture Base Acrylic Resin. J Prosthodont 2018; 27:763–770 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Gad MM, Al-Thobity AM, Rahoma A, Abualsaud R, Al-Harbi FA. Reinforcement of PMMA Denture Base Material with a Mixture of ZrO2 Nanoparticles and Glass Fibers. Int J Dent 2019; 2019:2489393 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Schmidt WF, Smith DE. A six-year retrospective study of molloplast-b-lined dentures. Part I: Patient response. J Prosthet Dent 1983; 50:308–313 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Nikawa H, Hamada T, Yamamoto T, Kumagai H. Effects of salivary or serum pellicles on the Candida albicans growth and biofilm formation on soft lining materials in vitro. J Oral Rehabil 1997; 24:594–604 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Pereira-Cenci T, Del Bel Cury AA, Crielaard W, Ten Cate JM. Development of Candida-associated denture stomatitis: new insights. J Appl Oral Sci 2008; 16:86–94 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Neppelenbroek KH, Pavarina AC, Palomari Spolidorio DM, Sgavioli Massucato EM, Spolidorio LC. Effectiveness of microwave disinfection of complete dentures on the treatment of Candida-related denture stomatitis. J Oral Rehabil 2008; 35:836–846 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Yarborough A, Cooper L, Duqum I, Mendonca G, McGraw K. Evidence Regarding the Treatment of Denture Stomatitis. J Prosthodont 2016; 25:288–301 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Yano J, Yu A, Fidel PL, Noverr MC. Transcription factors efg1 and bcr1 regulate biofilm formation and virulence during Candida albicans-associated denture stomatitis. PloS one 2016; 11:e0159692 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Banting DW, Hill SA. Microwave disinfection of dentures for the treatment of oral candidiasis. Spec Care Dentist 2001; 21:4–8 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Truhlar MR, Shay K, Sohnle P. Use of a new assay technique for quantification of antifungal activity of nystatin incorporated in denture liners. J Prosthet Dent 1994; 71:517–524 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Chandra J, Mukherjee PK, Leidich SD, Faddoul FF, Hoyer LL. Antifungal resistance of candidal biofilms formed on denture acrylic in vitro. J Dent Res 2001; 80:903–908 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Al-Thobity AM, Al-Khalifa KS, Gad MM, Al-Hariri M, Ali AA. In Vitro Evaluation of the Inhibitory Activity of Thymoquinone in Combatting Candida albicans in Denture Stomatitis Prevention. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:E743 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Sultan AS, Rizk AM, Vila T, Ji Y, Masri R. Digital Design of a Universal Rat Intraoral Device for Therapeutic Evaluation of a Topical Formulation against Candida-Associated Denture Stomatitis. Infect Immun 2019; 87:12e00617-19 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Straioto FG, Alves R, Filho AP, Del Bel Cury AA. Polytetrafluoroethylene added to acrylic resin: surface properties and Candida albicans adherence. Am J Dent 2010; 23:201–204 [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Nett JE, Marchillo K, Spiegel CA, Andes DR. Development and validation of an in vivo Candida albicans biofilm denture model. Infect Immun 2010; 78:3650–3659 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. ISO International Organization for Standardization: Specification 1567: denture base polymers, 2nd ed. Switzerland: ISO; 1998
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Ribeiro DG, Pavarina AC, Dovigo LN, Palomari Spolidorio DM, Giampaolo ET. Denture disinfection by microwave irradiation: a randomized clinical study. J Dent 2009; 37:666–672 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Bueno M, Urban V, Barberio G, da Silva W, Porto V. Effect of antimicrobial agents incorporated into resilient denture relines on the Candida albicans biofilm. Oral Dis 2015; 21:57–65 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Catalan A, Pacheco JG, Martinez A, Mondaca MA. In vitro and in vivo activity of Melaleuca alternifolia mixed with tissue conditioner on Candida albicans. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008; 105:327–332 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Zamperini CA, Machado AL, Vergani CE, Pavarina AC, Rangel EC et al. Evaluation of fungal adherence to plasma-modified polymethylmethacrylate. Mycoses 2011; 54:e344–51 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Ramage G, Vandewalle K, Wickes BL, Lopez-Ribot JL. Characteristics of biofilm formation by Candida albicans. Rev Iberoam Micol 2001; 18:163–170 [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Nett J, Andes D. Candida albicans biofilm development, modeling a host-pathogen interaction. Curr Opin Microbiol 2006; 9:340–345 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Tobudic S, Kratzer C, Lassnigg A, Presterl E. Antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans in biofilms. Mycoses 2012; 55:199–204 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Redding S, Bhatt B, Rawls HR, Siegel G, Scott K. Inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm formation on denture material. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 107:669–672 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Mayahara M, Kataoka R, Arimoto T, Tamaki Y, Yamaguchi N. Effects of surface roughness and dimorphism on the adhesion of Candida albicans to the surface of resins: scanning electron microscope analyses of mode and number of adhesions. J Investig Clin Dent 2014; 5:307–312 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Bal BT, Yavuzyilmaz H, Yücel M. A pilot study to evaluate the adhesion of oral microorganisms to temporary soft lining materials. J Oral Sci 2008; 50:1–8 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Klotz SA, Drutz DJ, Zajic JE. Factors governing adherence of Candida species to plastic surfaces. Infect Immun 1985; 50:97–101 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  36. de Foggi CC, Machado AL, Zamperini CA, Fernandes D, Wady AF. Effect of surface roughness on the hydrophobicity of a denture-base acrylic resin and Candida albicans colonization. J Investig Clin Dent 2016; 7:141–148 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Ferreira MA, Pereira-Cenci T, Rodrigues de Vasconcelos LM, Rodrigues-Garcia RC, Del Bel Cury AA. Efficacy of denture cleansers on denture liners contaminated with Candida species. Clin Oral Investig 2009; 13:237–242 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Nikawa H, Yamamoto T, Hamada T. Effect of components of resilient denture-lining materials on the growth, acid production and colonization of Candida albicans. J Oral Rehabil 1995; 22:817–824 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Gulia S, Bhatt V, Shetty M, Prasad KD, Gupta P. Effect of Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Candida Albicans and Streptococcus Mutans on the Biofilm Formation on Prosthetic Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:1538–1545 [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Pereira-Cenci T, Deng DM, Kraneveld EA, Manders EM, Del Bel Cury AA. The effect of Streptococcus mutans and Candida glabrata on Candida albicans biofilms formed on different surfaces. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53:755–764 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Skupien JA, Valentini F, Boscato N, Pereira-Cenci T. Prevention and treatment of Candida colonization on denture liners: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2013; 110:356–362 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Assere A, Oulahal N, Carpentier B. Comparative evaluation of methods for counting surviving biofilm cells adhering to a polyvinyl chloride surface exposed to chlorine or drying. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 104:1692–1702 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Mandakhalikar KD, Rahmat JN, Chiong E, Neoh KG, Shen L. Extraction and quantification of biofilm bacteria: Method optimized for urinary catheters. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8069 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Kang J, Li Q, Liu L, Jin W, Wang J. The specific effect of gallic acid on Escherichia coli biofilm formation by regulating pgaABCD genes expression. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:1837–1846 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Webber B, Canova R, Esper LM, Perdoncini G, Nascimento V et al. The Use of Vortex and Ultrasound Techniques for the in vitro Removal of Salmonella spp. Biofilms Acta Sci Vet 2015; 43:1–5
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Ali L, Khambaty F, Diachenko G. Investigating the suitability of the Calgary Biofilm Device for assessing the antimicrobial efficacy of new agents. Bioresour Technol 2006; 97:1887–1893 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Kobayashi N, Bauer TW, Tuohy MJ, Fujishiro T, Procop GW. Brief ultrasonication improves detection of biofilm-formative bacteria around a metal implant. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2007; 457:210–213 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Freitas AI, Vasconcelos C, Vilanova M, Cerca N. Optimization of an automatic counting system for the quantification of Staphylococcus epidermidis cells in biofilms. J Basic Microbiol 2014; 54:750–757 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001436
Loading
Is there an optimal method to detach Candida albicans biofilm from dental materials?
J. Med. Microbiol. 70, 001436 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001436
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001436
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001436
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error