1887

Journal of Medical Microbiology logo

Volume 68, Issue 12

Carriage of and other species among children and young adults in Paraguay Free

Abstract

Colonization by is the pre-requisite for the development of disease. We present the findings of a cross-sectional investigation onto the oropharyngeal carriage of and species in the population aged 3 to 21 in Paraguay.

Carriage prevalence by age groups, risk factors associated with carriage, and phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of strains are described.

We collected 2011 oropharyngeal swabs from consenting participants aged 3–21 years. Infants were recruited at immunization clinics, and older children and young adults were identified at schools and universities. A single oropharyngeal swab was collected and processed for the identification and isolation of . Additionally, participants, or their legal guardian if these were minors, were requested to fill a standardized questionnaire.

was isolated in 42/2011 (2.1 %) participants, while other spp. were identified in 306/2011 (15.2 %) subjects: and were identified in 39/2011 (1.9 %) and 43/2011 (2.2 %), respectively. Meningococcal strains belonged to ten different clonal complexes, of which six are associated with invasive disease (ST-32/ET5 complex, ST-11/ET37 complex, ST-103 complex, ST-167 complex, ST-35 complex and ST-41/44 complex/lineage 3).

Prevalence of carriage was low compared to that reported from other settings, however, the overall carriage of spp. (including ) was comparable to meningococcal carriage prevalence reported in the literature. This study is the first of its kind conducted in Paraguay, and one of the few known in the Southern Cone of Latin America.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): meningoccocal carriage , Neisseria and Paraguay
© 2019 The Authors
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001097
2019-11-01
2024-04-25
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/68/12/1793.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001097&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Groves-Pinett M, Abdelnour A, Soley C, Arguedas-Mohset A. Enfermedad meningocócica: epidemiología, diagnóstico Y vacunación. Acta Med Costarric 2013; 55:8–17
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Jafri RZ, Ali A, Messonnier NE, Tevi-Benissan C, Durrheim D et al. Global epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease. Popul Health Metr 2013; 11:17 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Pace D, Pollard AJ. Meningococcal disease: clinical presentation and sequelae. Vaccine 2012; 30:B3–B9 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Basta NE, Berthe A, Keita M, Onwuchekwa U, Tamboura B et al. Meningococcal carriage within households in the African meningitis belt: a longitudinal pilot study. Journal of Infection 2018; 76:140–148 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Lewis LA, Ram S. Meningococcal disease and the complement system. Virulence 2014; 5:98–126 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Olea A, Matute I, González C, Delgado I, Poffald L et al. Case-Control study of risk factors for meningococcal disease in Chile. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:1070–1078 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Kim HW, Lee S, Kwon D, Cha J, Ahn JG et al. Characterization of oropharyngeal carriage isolates of Neisseria meningitidis in Healthy Korean Adolescents in 2015. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1111–1117 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Soriani M. Unraveling Neisseria meningitidis pathogenesis: from functional genomics to experimental models. F1000Res 2017; 6:1228 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Hadjichristodoulou C, Mpalaouras G, Vasilopoulou V, Katsioulis A, Rachiotis G et al. A case-control study on the risk factors for meningococcal disease among children in greece. In Hozbor DF. editor PLoS ONE 11 2016 p e0158524 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Mueller JE, Woringer M, Porgho S, Madec Y, Tall H et al. The association between respiratory tract infection incidence and localised meningitis epidemics: an analysis of high-resolution surveillance data from Burkina Faso. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11570 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Diallo K, Trotter C, Timbine Y, Tamboura B, Sow SO et al. Pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria species in the African meningitis belt. J Infect 2016; 72:667–677 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Clemence MEA, Maiden MCJ, Harrison OB. Characterization of capsule genes in non-pathogenic Neisseria species. Microbial Genomics 2018; 4: [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Salud OPdela. Informe regional de SIREVA II, 2011. Datos por país y por grupos de edad sobre las características de los aislamientos de Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae y Neisseria meningitidis en procesos invasores. Documentos técnicos. Regulaciones Sanitarias Internacionales, Alerta y Respuesta y Enfermedades Epidémicas (HSD/IR Washington, DC: OPS; 2012
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Salud OPdela. Informe regional de SIREVA II, 2012. Datos por país y por grupos de edad sobre las características de los aislamientos de Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae y Neisseria meningitidis en procesos invasores. Documentos técnicos. Regulaciones Sanitarias Internacionales, Alerta y Respuesta y Enfermedades Epidémicas (HSD/IR Washington, DC: OPS; 2013
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Salud OPdela. Informe regional de SIREVA II, 2013. Datos por país y por grupos de edad sobre las características de los aislamientos de Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae y Neisseria meningitidis en procesos invasores. Documentos técnicos. Regulaciones Sanitarias Internacionales, Alerta y Respuesta y Enfermedades Epidémicas (HSD/IR Washington, DC: OPS; 2014
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Claus H, Maiden MCJ, Wilson DJ, McCarthy ND, Jolley KA et al. Genetic analysis of meningococci carried by children and young adults. J Infect Dis 2005; 191:1263–1271 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Manual de laboratorio para la identificación y prueba de susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos de patógenos bacterianos de importancia para la salud pública en el mundo en desarrollo; 2004 Organización Mundia de la Salud, USAID, CDC: Ginebra;
  18. Pollard AJ, Probe G, Trombley C, Castell A, Whitehead S et al. Evaluation of a diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assay for Neisseria meningitidis in North America and field experience during an outbreak. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2002; 126:1209–1215 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Fraisier C, Stor R, Tenebray B, Sanson Y, Nicolas P. Use of a new single multiplex PCR-based assay for direct simultaneous characterization of six Neisseria meningitidis serogroups. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:2662–2666 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Taha MK. Simultaneous approach for nonculture PCR-based identification and serogroup prediction of Neisseria meningitidis . J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:855–857
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Bennett DE, Mulhall RM, Cafferkey MT. Pcr-Based assay for detection of Neisseria meningitidis capsular serogroups 29E, X, and Z. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:1764–1765 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Claus H, Maag R, Maiden MCJ, Frosch M, Vogel U. Many carried meningococci lack the genes required for capsule synthesis and transport. Microbiology 2002; 148:1813–1819 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Moreno J, Sanabria O, Saavedra SY, Rodríguez K, Duarte C. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B isolates from Cartagena, Colombia, 2012-2014. Biomédica, Bogotá 2015; 35:138–143
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Maiden MC, Bygraves JA, Feil E, Morelli G, Russell JE et al. Multilocus sequence typing: a portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:3140–3145 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  25. León ME, Kawabata A, Nagai M, Rojas L, Chamorro G. Grupo del laboratorio VIMENE Paraguay. Genotipos de Neisseria meningitidis aislados de pacientes con enfermedad meningocócica en Paraguay, 1996–2015. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2019; 43:e10
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Parodi V, Allende F, Torres E, Macedo M, Maglione R et al. Portadores de Neisseria meningitidis en una población de Montevideo. Rev Med Uruguay 1998; 14:221–225
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Espinosa de los Monteros LE, Aguilar-Ituarte F, Jiménez-Rojas LV, Kuri P, Rodríguez-Suárez RS et al. Prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis carriers in children under five years of age and teenagers in certain populations of Mexico City. Salud Pública de México 2009; 51:114–118 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Moreno J, Hidalgo M, Duarte C, Sanabria O, Gabastou JM et al. Characterization of carriage isolates of Neisseria meningitides in the adolescents and young adults population of Bogota (Colombia). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135497 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Díaz J, Cárcamo M, Seoane M, Pidal P, Cavada G et al. Prevalence of meningococcal carriage in children and adolescents aged 10-19 years in Chile in 2013. J Infect Public Health 2016; 9:506–515 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Coch Gioia CA, Silva de Lemos AP, Outeiro Gorla MC, Mendoza-Sassi RA, Ballester T et al. Detection of Neisseria meningitidis in asymptomatic carriers in a university hospital from Brazil. Rev Argent Microbiol 2015; 47:322–327 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Weckx LY, Puccini RF, Machado A, Gonçalves MG, Tuboi S et al. A cross-sectional study assessing the pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in subjects aged 1-24 years in the city of Embu das Artes, São Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2017; 21:587–595 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Broome CV. The carrier state: Neisseria meningitidis . J Antimicrob Chemother 1986; 18 Suppl A:25–34 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Kepenekli Kadayifci E, Güneşer Merdan D, Soysal A, Karaaslan A, Atıcı S et al. Prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis carriage: a small-scale survey in Istanbul, Turkey. J Infect Dev Ctries 2016; 10:413–417 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Gold R, Goldschneider I, Lepow ML, Draper TF, Randolph M. Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica in infants and children. J Infect Dis 1978; 137:112–121 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Kristiansen PA, Diomandé F, Ouédraogo R, Sanou I, Sangaré L et al. Carriage of Neisseria lactamica in Burkina Faso in the 1-29 year old: epidemiology and molecular characterization. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:4020–4027
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Nunes AMPB, Ribeiro GS, Ferreira Ítalo Eustáquio, Moura ARSS, Felzemburgh RDM et al. Meningococcal carriage among adolescents after mass meningococcal c conjugate vaccination campaigns in salvador, Brazil. In Borrow R. editor PLoS ONE 11 2016 p e0166475 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Pandey A, Cleary DW, Laver JR, Gorringe A, Deasy AM et al. Microevolution of Neisseria lactamica during nasopharyngeal colonisation induced by controlled human infection. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4753 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Gabutti G, Stefanati A, Kuhdari P. Epidemiology of Neisseria meningitidis infections: case distribution by age and relevance of carriage. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene 2015; 56:116–120
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Umaru ET, Ludin ANM, Majid MR, Sabri S, Moses PC et al. Risk factors responsible for the spread of meningococcal meningitis: a review. Int J Edu Res 2013; 1:1–30
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Agier L, Martiny N, Thiongane O, Mueller JE, Paireau J et al. Towards understanding the epidemiology of Neisseria meningitidis in the African meningitis belt: a multi-disciplinary overview. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 54:103–112 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Esposito S, Zampiero A, Terranova L, Montinaro V, Scala A et al. Genetic characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strains carried by adolescents living in Milan, Italy: implications for vaccine efficacy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2296–2303 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Orr HJ, Gray SJ, Macdonald M, Stuart JM. Saliva and meningococcal transmission. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9:1314–1315 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Motas M I, Sierra González G, Núñez Gutiérrez N, Izquierdo Pérez L. Climent Ruíz Y and Mirabal Sosa M. Caracterización de cepas de Neisseria meningitidis aisladas de portadores en Cuba durante 20 años. Rev Cubana Med Trop 2006
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Pizza M, Rappuoli R. Neisseria meningitidis: pathogenesis and immunity. Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 23:68–72 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Kim HW, Lee S, Kwon D, Cha J, Ahn JG et al. Characterization of oropharyngeal carriage isolates of Neisseria meningitidis in healthy korean adolescents in 2015. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1111–1117 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Gasparini R, Comanducci M, Amicizia D, Ansaldi F, Canepa P et al. Molecular and serological diversity of Neisseria meningitidis carrier strains isolated from Italian students aged 14 to 22 years. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:1901–1910 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Törös B, Jacobsson S. Is the Emergence of the N. meningitidis Serogroup W ST-11 Hajj Outbreak Unraveling in the New Era of WGS?. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1294–1295 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Rubilar PS, Barra GN, Gabastou J-M, Alarcón P, Araya P et al. Increase of Neisseria meningitidis W:cc11 invasive disease in Chile has no correlation with carriage in adolescents. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193572 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Wanderley Cardoso C, Soraia Machado Cordeiro S. Dissemination of the ST-103 clonal complex serogroup C meningococci in Salvador, Brazil. Microbes and Infection 2017
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Manigart O, Odutola A, Jarju S, Foster-Nyarko E, Okeakpu J et al. Alternative molecular methods for improved detection of meningococcal carriage and measurement of bacterial density. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:27432748 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Knapp JS, Neisseria Koumans EH, P.R Branhamella, Baron MA. (editors) Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 7th ed. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 1999 pp 586–603
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Sheikhi R, Amin M, Rostami S, Shoja S, Ebrahimi N. Oropharyngeal colonization With Neisseria lactamica, other nonpathogenic Neisseria species and Moraxella catarrhalis among young healthy children in Ahvaz, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e14813 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Bennett JS, Watkins ER, Jolley KA, Harrison OB, Maiden MCJ. Identifying Neisseria species by use of the 50S ribosomal protein L6 (rplF) gene. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:1375–1381 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001097
Loading
Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and other Neisseria species among children and young adults in Paraguay
J. Med. Microbiol. 68, 1793 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001097
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001097
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001097
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error