@article{mbs:/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000479, author = "Kawaguchiya, Mitsuyo and Urushibara, Noriko and Aung, Meiji Soe and Shinagawa, Masaaki and Takahashi, Satoshi and Kobayashi, Nobumichi", title = "Serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of pilus islets in pneumococci following the use of conjugate vaccines", journal= "Journal of Medical Microbiology", year = "2017", volume = "66", number = "5", pages = "643-650", doi = "https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000479", url = "https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000479", publisher = "Microbiology Society", issn = "1473-5644", type = "Journal Article", keywords = "pilus", keywords = "resistance", keywords = "PCV7/13", keywords = "epidemiology", keywords = "serotype", keywords = "Streptococcus pneumoniae", abstract = " Purpose. In Japan, the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in 2010 and, in 2013, the PCV7 was replaced with the 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13). This study was conducted to investigate serotypes, antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of pilus islets in pneumococcal isolates from inpatients in a Japanese tertiary hospital. Methodology. From April 2011 to February 2016, 151 isolates [95 (18 children, 77 adults) and 56 (19 children, 37 adults) in the PCV7 and PCV13 periods, respectively] were collected. All isolates were serotyped using genetic methods and were tested for susceptibility to 18 antimicrobials. Unaltered penicillin-binding protein (PBP) genes, macrolide resistance genes and pilus islets were identified by PCR. Results. Between the two periods, the prevalence of non-PCV13 serotypes was shown to increase from 50.0 to 78.9 % in children, and serotype 3 increased from 14.3 to 24.3 % in adults. Six of seven isolates from invasive diseases were assigned to non-PCV13 serotypes. Overall, multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 46.4 % of isolates, which included the dominant non-PCV13 serotypes 6E, 15A and 23A (prevalence≥75.0 %). gPRSP (three altered genes pbp1a, pbp2b and pbp2x) and macrolide resistance genes [erm(B) and/or mef(A/E)] were detected in 35.8 and 93.4 % of all isolates, respectively. Pilus islets [PI-1 (clade I, II and III) and/or PI-2] were found in 22.5 % (34/151) of isolates belonging to six different serotypes (19F, 23F, 19A, 6E, 15B and 35B) and 88.2 % (30/34) of these exhibited MDR. Conclusion. This study revealed the spread of MDR in several non-PCV13 serotypes and in isolates with pilus islets.", }