RT Journal Article SR Electronic(1) A1 Zhou, Zhenwen A1 Dong, Hui A1 Huang, Yanmei A1 Yao, Shuwen A1 Liang, Bingshao A1 Xie, Yongqiang A1 Long, Yan A1 Mai, Jialiang A1 Gong, SitangYR 2017 T1 Recombinant Bacillus subtilis spores expressing cholera toxin B subunit and Helicobacter pylori urease B confer protection against H. pylori in mice JF Journal of Medical Microbiology, VO 66 IS 1 SP 83 OP 89 DO https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000404 PB Microbiology Society, SN 1473-5644, AB Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The limitations of current therapies for H. pylori infection include poor compliance and antibiotic resistance. Therefore, an effective anti-H. pylori vaccine would be an alternative or complement to antibiotic treatment. Urease B (UreB) is considered an ideal vaccine antigen against H. pylori infection. In this study, cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), a mucosal adjuvant, was used to enhance the immunogenicity of a novel Bacillus subtilis spore vaccine expressing CTB-UreB, along with the B. subtilis spore coat protein CotC as a fusion protein. Oral administration of B. subtilis spores expressing CotC-UreB or CotC-CTB-UreB led to increased levels of UreB-specific IgG in serum and UreB-specific IgA in faeces, as well as elevated levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ in splenocytes. In addition, oral administration of CotC-UreB or CotC-CTB-UreB spores induced significant reductions (80.0 and 90.5 %, respectively) in gastric H. pylori bacterial load (1.11±0.36×105 and 0.53±0.21×105 c.f.u., respectively) compared to that of the CotC control group (5.56±1.64×105 c.f.u., P<0.01). Moreover, CotC-CTB-UreB spores were significantly more effective at reducing the bacterial load than CotC-UreB spores (P<0.05). These results indicate that CotC-CTB-UreB-expressing B. subtilis spores are a potential vaccine candidate for the control of H. pylori infection., UL https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000404