1887

Journal of Medical Microbiology logo

Volume 65, Issue 6

Infective endocarditis due to and spp. complicated by infectious intracranial cerebral aneurysms: a report of three cases and review of the literature Free

Abstract

Nutritionally variant streptococci, now classified as or spp., are thought to account for 2 % of all infective endocarditis cases but estimates of their frequency are complicated by changes in nomenclature and difficulties in obtaining positive microbiology cultures. Their growth characteristics and difficulty undertaking antibiotic susceptibility testing may impede optimal antibiotic treatment decisions. We describe three patients with definite infective endocarditis due to these organisms seen at our hospital between 2005 and 2010, all of whom presented with neurological symptoms due to infectious intracranial cerebral aneurysms. We recommend that, for patients with left-sided infective endocarditis due to and spp., clinicians should consider imaging the central nervous system.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): Abiotrophia , Granulicatella and intracranialcerebral aneurysms
© 2016 The Authors
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000260
2016-06-01
2024-04-18
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/65/6/493.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000260&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Adam E. L., Siciliano R. F., Gualandro D. M., Calderaro D., Issa V. S., Rossi F., Caramelli B., Mansur A. J., Strabelli T. M. 2015; Case series of infective endocarditis caused by Granulicatella species. Int J Infect Dis 31:56–58 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Baddour L. M., Wilson W. R., Bayer A. S., Fowler V. G., Bolger A. F., Levison M. E., Ferrieri P., Gerber M. A., Tani L. Y. et al. 2005; Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications. Circulation 111:e394e434 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Baddour L. M., Wilson W. R., Bayer A. S., Fowler V. G., Tleyjeh I. M., Rybak M. J., Barsic B., Lockhart P. B., Gewitz M. et al. 2015; Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and Stroke Council. Infective Endocarditis in Adults: Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association. Circulation 132:1435–1486 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Bouvet A., Grimont F., Grimont P. A. 1989; Streptococcus defectivus sp. nov and Streptococcus adjacens sp. nov., nutritionally variant streptococci from human clinical specimens. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:290–294 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Brouqui P., Raoult D. 2001; Endocarditis due to rare and fastidious bacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 14:177–207 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Cargill J. S., Scott K. S., Gascoyne-Binzi D., Sandoe J. A. 2012; Granulicatella infection: Diagnosis and management. J Med Microbiol 61:755–761 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Chang S. -H., Lee C. C., Chen S. Y., Chen I. C., Hsieh M. R., Chen S. C. 2008; Infectious intracranial aneurysms caused by Granulicatella adiacens . Diag n Microbiol Infect Dis 60:201–204 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Chow S. K., Clarridge J. E. 2014; Necessity of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for identifying Haemophilus parainfluenzae-like strains associated with opportunistic urinary tract infections. J Med Microbiol 63:805–811 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. CLSI 2014 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement. CLSI Document M100-S24 Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute;
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Collins M. D., Lawson P. A. 2000; The genus Abiotrophia (Kawamura et al.) is not monophyletic: Proposal of Granulicatella gen. nov., Granulicatella adiacens comb. nov., comb. nov. and Granulicatella balaenopterae comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50:365–369 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Corr P., Wright M., Handler L. C. 1995; Endocarditis-related cerebral aneurysms: Radiologic changes with treatment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16:745–748[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Di Salvo G., Habib G., Pergola V. 2001; Echocardiography predicts embolic events in infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 37:1069–1076 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Douglas C. P., Siarakas S., Gottlieb T. 1994; Evaluation of E test as a rapid method for determining MICs for nutritionally variant streptococci. J Clin Microbiol 32:2318–2320[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. EUCAST 2011; Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters, version 1.3. http://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints
  15. Facklam R. 2002; What happened to the streptococci: Overview of taxonomic and nomenclature changes. Clin Microbiol Rev 15:613–630 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Frenkel A., Hirsch W. 1961; Spontaneous development of L form of streptococci requiring secretions of other bacteria or sulphydryl compounds for normal growth. Nat New Biol 191:728–730 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. García-Cabrera E., Fernández-Hidalgo N., Almirante B., Ivanova-Georgieva R., Noureddine M., Plata A., Lomas J. M., Gálvez-Acebal J., Hidalgo-Tenorio C., other authors. 2013; Neurological complications of infective endocarditis: risk factors, outcome, and impact of cardiac surgery: a multicenter observational study. Circulation 127:2272–2284 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Gould F. K., Denning D. W., Elliott T. S., Foweraker J., Perry J. D., Prendergast B. D., Sandoe J. A., Spry M. J., Watkin R. W. 2012; Guidelines for the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of endocarditis in adults: a report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 67:269–289 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Habib G., Hoen B., Tornos P., Thuny F., Prendergast B., Vilacosta I., Moreillon P., de Jesus Antunes M., Thilen U. et al. 2009; Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009): The task force on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 30:2369–2413 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Hoen B., Alla F., Selton-Suty C., Béguinot I., Bouvet A., Briançon S., Casalta J. P., Danchin N., Delahaye F. Association pour l'Etude et la Prévention de l'Endocardite Infectieuse (AEPEI) Study Group 2002; Changing profile of infective endocarditis: results of a 1-year survey in France. JAMA 288:75–81 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Holler J. G., Pedersen L. K., Calum H., Nielsen J. B., Tvede M., Schønning K., Knudsen J. D. 2011; Using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool in infective endocarditis: A case report of a patient with mitral valve infective endocarditis caused by Abiotrophia defectiva . Scand J Infect Dis 43:234–237 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Jeng A., Chen J., Katsivas T. 2005; Prosthetic valve endocarditis from Granulicatella adiacens (nutritionally variant streptococci). J Infect 51:e125129 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Jorgensen J. H., Hindler J. F. 2007; New consensus guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of infrequently isolated or fastidious bacteria. Clin Infect Dis 44:280–286 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Kohok D. D., Parashar A., Punnam V., Tandar A. 2011; Subarachnoid hemorrhage in a patient with Abiotrophia defectiva endocarditis. Am J Med Sci 341:157–159 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Li J. S., Sexton D. J., Mick N., Nettles R., Fowler V. G., Ryan T., Bashore T., Corey G. R. 2000; Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 30:633–638 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Liao C. H., Teng L. J., Hsueh P. R., Chen Y. C., Huang L. M., Chang S. C., Ho S. W. 2004; Nutritionally variant streptococcal infections at a university hospital in Taiwan: Disease emergence and high prevalence of beta-lactam and macrolide resistance. Clin Infect Dis 38:452–455 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Lin C. H., Hsu R. B. 2007; Infective endocarditis caused by nutritionally variant streptococci. Am J Med Sci 334:235–239 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Ludwig W., Schleifer K. H. Jr, Whitman W. B. 2008; Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes . In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn. vol 3 New York: Springer;
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Murray C. K., Walter E. A., Crawford S., McElmeel M. L., Jorgensen J. H. 2001; Abiotrophia bacteremia in a patient with neutropenic fever and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Abiotrophia isolates. Clin Infect Dis 32:E140142 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  30. NCCLS 2010; Methods for Antimicrobial Dilution and Disk Susceptibility Testing of Infrequently Isolated or Fastidious Bacteria; Approved Guideline. , 2nd edn. vol 30 no 18M45–A2 Wayne (PA):
  31. Neville S. A., Lecordier A., Ziochos H., Chater M. J., Gosbell I. B., Maley M. W., van Hal S. J. 2011; Utility of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry following introduction for routine laboratory bacterial identification. J Clin Microbiol 49:2980–2984 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Okada Y., Kitada K., Takagaki M., Ito H. O., Inoue M. 2000; Endocardiac infectivity and binding to extracellular matrix proteins of oral Abiotrophia species. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 27:257–261 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Perkins A., Osorio S., Serrano M., del Ray M. C., Sarriá C., Domingo D., López-Brea M. 2003; A case of endocarditis due to Granulicatella adiacens . Clin Microbiol Infect 9:576–577 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Peters P. J., Harrison T., Lennox J. L. 2006; A dangerous dilemma:management of infectious intracranial aneurysms complicating endocarditis. Lancet Infect Dis 6:742–748 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Pyysalo M. J., Pyysalo L. M., Pessi T., Karhunen L. T., Lehtimäki T., Oksala N., Öhman J. E. 2016; Bacterial DNA findings in ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Acta Odontol Scand 18:1–6 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Radcliffe P., Fang H., Thidholm E., Borang S., Westling K., Ozenci V. 2013; Comparison of MALDI-TOF MS and VITEK 2 system for laboratory diagnosis of G ranulicatella and A biotrophia species causing invasive infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 77:216–219 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Roberts, Krieger A. G., Schiller N. L., Gross K. C. 1979; Viridans streptococcal endocarditis: the role of various species, including pyridoxal-dependent streptococci. Rev Infect Dis 1:955–966 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Ruoff K. L. 1991; Nutritionally variant streptococci. Clin Microbiol Rev 4:184–190[PubMed] [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Salgado A. V., Furlan A. J., Keys T. F. 1987; Mycotic aneurysm, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and indications for cerebral angiography in infective endocarditis. Stroke 6:1057–1060 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Schulthess B., Brodner K., Bloemberg G. V., Zbinden R., Böttger E. C., Hombach M., Reinhard Z. 2013; Identification of Gram-positive cocci by use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry: comparison of different preparation methods and implementation of a practical algorithm for routine diagnostics. J Clin Microbiol 51:1834–1840 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Senn L., Entenza J. M., Greub G., Jaton K., Wenger A., Bille J., Calandra T., Prod'hom G. 2006; Bloodstream and endovascular infections due to Abiotrophia defectiva and Granulicatella species. BMC Infect Dis 6:6–9 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Snygg-Martin U., Gustafsson L., Rosengren L., Alsiö A., Ackerholm P., Andersson R., Olaison L. 2008; Cerebrovascular complications in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis are common: A prospective study using magnetic resonance imaging and neurochemical brain damage markers. Clin Infect Dis 47:23–30 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Stein D. S., Nelson K. E. 1987; Endocarditis due to nutritionally deficient streptococci: Therapeutic dilemma. Rev Infect Dis 9:908–916 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Tuohy M. J., Procop G. W., Washington J. A. 2000; Antimicrobial susceptibility of Abiotrophia adiacens and Abiotrophia defectiva . Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 38:189–191 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Weisburg W. G., Barns S. M., Pelletier D. A., Lane D. J. 1991; 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J Bacteriol 173:697–703[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Wijetunga M., Bello E., Schatz I. 2002; Abiotrophia endocarditis: A case report and review of literature. Hawaii Med J 61:10–12[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Wilson W. R., Zak O., Sande M. A. 1985; Penicillin therapy for treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci in animals. J Infect Dis 151:1028–1033[PubMed] [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Yang Y. S., Lin J. C., Chiu C. H., Chang F. Y., Shang S. T. 2010; A ruptured cerebral mycotic aneurysm caused by Abiotrophia defectiva endocarditis. Am J Med Sc 339:190–191 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Zheng X., Freeman A. F., Villafranca J., Shortridge D., Beyer J., Kabat W., Dembkowski K., Shulman S. T. 2004; Antimicrobial susceptibilities of invasive pediatric Abiotrophia and Granulicatella isolates. J Clin Microbiol 42:4323–4326 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000260
Loading
Infective endocarditis due to Abiotrophia defectiva and Granulicatella spp. complicated by infectious intracranial cerebral aneurysms: a report of three cases and review of the literature
J. Med. Microbiol. 65, 493 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000260
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000260
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000260
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error