1887

Journal of Medical Microbiology logo

Volume 39, Issue 5

Biologically active extracellular products of oral viridans streptococci and the aetiology of Kawasaki disease Free

Abstract

Summary

A bacteriological study of isolates from the oral cavity of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD), age-matched non-KD patients and healthy children, showed that over half the KD and control isolates had gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci. About 50% of these organisms were identified as viridans streptococci by means of an API Strep 20 kit. Further identification by fluorometric DNA-DNA hybridisation demonstrated that the predominant species were and each of which accounted for 25% of the isolates of viridans streptococci; 40% of viridans strains were unidentifiable; and and were minor components. Studies showed that insertion of culture supernates of most of the viridans streptococci increased capillary permeability and induced redness with swelling and occasional bleeding in rabbit skin. One-third of strains and one-fifth of the unidentified strains caused aggregation of human blood platelets, whereas and other strains had no such effect. The distribution of extracellular lipoteichoic acids and glucan produced in the presence of sucrose was also examined. There were no significant differences in the recovery rate of viridans streptococci forming these biologically active extracellular products between KD and control groups.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Revised:
  • Published Online:
© Society for General Microbiology, 1993
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-39-5-352
1993-11-01
2024-04-24
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/39/5/medmicro-39-5-352.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-39-5-352&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Yanagawa H. Epidemiology of Kawasaki disease in Japan. In: Shulman ST. (ed) Proceedings of the Second International Kawasaki Disease Symposium New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc.; 1987 pp. 5–17
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Furukawa S, Matsubara T, Jujoh K. et al. Peripheral blood monocyte/macrophage and serum tumor necrosis factor in Kawasaki disease. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1988; 48:247–251
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Leung DYM, Cotran RS, Kurt-Jones E, Burns JC, Newburger JW, Pober JS. Endothelial cell activation and high interleukin-1 secretion in the pathogenesis of acute Kawasaki disease. Lancet 1989; 2:1298–1302
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Furukawa S, Imai K, Matsubara T. et al. Increased levels of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in Kawasaki disease. Arthritis Rheum 1992; 35:672–677
     [Google Scholar]
  5. The Japan Kawasaki Disease Research Committee Diagnostic guideline of Kawasaki disease. , 4th. revised edition 1984
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Muller HE. ABTS perioxidase medium as a highly sensitive plate assay for detection of hydrogen peroxide production in bacteria. J Microbiol Methods 1984; 2:101–102
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Ezaki T, Hashimoto Y, Takeuchi. et al. Simple genetic method to identify viridans group streptococci by colorimetric dot hybridization and fluorometric hybridization in microdilution wells. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26:1708–1713
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Ezaki T, Hashimoto Y, Yabuuchi E. Fluorometric deoxy ribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989; 39:224–229
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Ezaki T, Hashimoto Y, Yamamoto H. et al. Evaluation of the microplate hybridization method for rapid identification of Legionella species. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1990; 9:213–217
     [Google Scholar]
  10. van de Rijn I, Kessler RE. Growth characteristics of group A streptococci in a new chemically defined medium. Infect Immun 1980; 27:444–448
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951; 193:265–275
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Ohkuni H, Kimura Y. Increased capillary permeability in guinea pigs and rats by peptidoglycan fraction extracted from group A streptococcal cell walls. Exp Cell Biol 1976; 44:83–94
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Hamada S, Mizuno J, Kotani S. Serological properties of cellular and extracellular glycerol teichoic acid antigens of Streptococcus mutans. Microbios 1979; 25:155–166
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Tsutsui O, Kokeguchi S, Matsumura T, Kato K. Relationship of the chemical structure and immunobiological activities of lipoteichoic acid from Streptococcus faecalis (Enterococcus hirae) ATCC9790. FEMS Microbiol Immunol 1991; 76:211–218
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Gibbons RJ, Banghart SB. Synthesis of extracellular dextran by cariogenic bacteria and its presence in human dental plaque. Arch Oral Biol 1967; 12:11–23
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Schmidhuber S, Kilpper-Balz R, Schleifer KH. A taxonomic study of Streptococcus mitis, S. oralis, and S. sanguis. System Appl Microbiol 1987; 10:74–77
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Coykendall AL. Rejection of the type strain of Streptococcus mitis (Andrewes and Horder 1906): request for an opinion. Int J System Bacteriol 1989; 39:207–209
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Kilian M, Mikkelsen L, Henrichsen J. Taxonomic study of viridans streptococci: Description of Streptococcus gordonii sp. nov. and emended descriptions of Streptococcus sanguis (White and Niven 1946), Streptococcus oralis (Bridge and Sneath 1982), and Streptococcus mitis (Andrewes and Horder 1906). Int J System Bacteriol 1989; 39:471–484
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Straus DC, Mattingly SJ, Milligan TW. Production of extracellular material by streptococci associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis. Infect Immun 1977; 17:148–156
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Straus DC. Protease production by Streptococcus sanguis associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis. Infect Immun 1982; 38:1037–1045
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Straus DC, Portnoy-Duran C. Neuraminidase production by Streptococcus sanguis strain associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis. Infect Immun 1983; 41:507–515
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Reinholdt J, Tomana M, Mortensen SB, Kilian M. Molecular aspects of immunoglobulin A1 degradation by oral streptococci. Infect Immun 1990; 58:1186–1194
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Herzberg MC, Brintzenhofe KL, Clawson CC. Aggregation of human platelets and adhesion of Streptococcus sanguis. Infect Immun 1983; 39:1457–1469
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Herzberg MC, Brintzenhofe KL, Clawson CC. Cell-free re leased components of Streptococcus sanguis inhibit platelet aggregation. Infect Immun 1983; 42:394–401
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Herzberg MC, MacFarlane GD, Delzer PR. Streptococcus sanguis interactions with human platelets. In: Mergenhagen SE, Rosan B. (eds) Molecular basis of oral microbial adhesion. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 198553–60
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Erickson PR, Herzberg MC. A collagen-like immunodeterminant on the surface of Streptococcus sanguis induces platelet aggregation. J Immunol 1987; 138:3360–3366
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Erickson PR, Herzberg MC, Tierney G. Cross-reactive immunodeterminants on Streptococcus sanguis and collagen. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:10018–10023
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Sullam PM, Valone FH, Mills J. Mechanisms of platelet aggregation by viridans group streptococci. Infect Immun 1989; 55:1743–1750
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Schöller M, Klein JP, Sommer P, Frank R. Common antigens of streptococcal and non-streptococcal oral bacteria: characterization of wall-associated protein and comparison with extracellular protein antigen. Infect Immun 1983; 40:1186–1191
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Beachey EH, Chiang TS, Offek I, Kang AH. Interaction of lipoteichoic acid of group A streptococci with human platelets. Infect Immun 1977; 16:649–654
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Furusho K, Sato K, Kajino Y. et al. Proposition to etiological study of Kawasaki disease–significant role of glucan produced by Streptococcus sanguis. Prog Med 1991; 11:75–78 (in Japanese)
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-39-5-352
Loading
Biologically active extracellular products of oral viridans streptococci and the aetiology of Kawasaki disease
J. Med. Microbiol. 39, 352 (1993); https://doi.org/10.1099/00222615-39-5-352
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-39-5-352
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-39-5-352
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error