1887

Abstract

Summary

Detection of an unusual combination of four resistance markers among coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated in the same intensive care unit led to the undertaking of an epidemiological assessment. Seventeen CNS isolates from the same unit and 38 epidemiologically unrelated isolates were typed by eight methods, including analysis of immunoblot patterns and hybridisation patterns (HP) obtained with three probes. The probes comprised plasmids carrying the genes encoding 16S rRNA (pBA2), (pSF815A), and with part of IS256 (pIP1307). Immunoblot patterns and HP with pIP1307 indicated that 14 of the 17 CNS isolates from the same unit resulted from the spread of an epidemic strain.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-36-5-321
1992-05-01
2024-12-08
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/36/5/medmicro-36-5-321.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-36-5-321&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Kloos W. E., Schleifer K. H., Genus I. V. StaphylococcusRosenbach 1884 18AL, (Nom. Cons. Opin. 17 Jud. Comm. 1958. 153). In Sneath PHA (ed) Bergey’s Manual of systematic bacteriology vol 2 Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 19861013–1035
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Archer G. L., Armstrong B. C. Alteration of staphylococcal flora in cardiac surgery patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis. J Infect Dis 1983; 147:642–649
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bint A. J., Finch R. G., Gokal R., Goldsmith H. J., Junor B., Oliver D. Diagnosis and management of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. (Report of a working party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy). Lancet 1987; 1:845–849
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bor D. H., Rose R. M., Modlin J. F., Weintraub R., Friedland G. H. Mediastinitis after cardiovascular surgery. Rev Infect Dis 1983; 5:885–897
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Dismukes W. E. Prosthetic valve endocarditis: factors influencing outcome and recommendations for therapy. In Bisno A. L. (ed) Treatment of infective endocarditis New York: Grune and Stratton; 1981167–191
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Eisenberg E. S., Ambalu M., Szylagi G., Aning V., Soeiro R. Colonization of skin and development of peritonitis due to coagulase-negative staphylococci in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. J Infect Dis 1987; 156:478–482
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Gemmell C. G. Pathogenicity of coagulase-negative staphylo-cocci with respect to the nature of the host response. Zentralbl Bakteriol Hyg A 1987; 266:52–59
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Karchmer A. W., Archer G. L., Dismukes W. E. Staphylococcus epidermidis causing prosthetic valve endocarditis: micro-biologic and clinical observations as guides to therapy. Ann Intern Med 1983; 98:447–455
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Phillips I. Focus on coagulase negative staphylococci. London: Royal Society of Medicine Services; International Congress and Symposium Series No. 151 1989
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Sidebottom D. G., Freeman J., Platt R., Epstein M. F., Goldmann D. A. Fifteen-year experience with bloodstream isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci in neonatal intensive care. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26:713–718
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Winston D. J., Dudnick D. V., Chapin M., Ho W. G., Gale R. P., Martin W. J. Coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Arch Intern Med 1983; 143:32–36
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Archer G. L., Vishniavsky N., Stiver H. G. Plasmid pattern analysis of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis. Infect Immun 1982; 35:627–632
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Boyce J. M., Potter-Bynoe G., Opal S. M., Dziobek L., Medeiros A. A. A common-source outbreak of Staphylococcus epidermidis infections among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Infect Dis 1990; 161:493–499
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Christensen G. D., Bisno A. L., Parisi J. T., McLaughlin B., Hester M. G., Luther R. W. Nosocomial septicaemia due to multiply antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Ann Intern Med 1982; 96:1–10
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Ludlam H. A., Noble W. C., Marples R. R., Bayston R., Phillips I. The epidemiology of peritonitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. J Med Microbiol 1989; 30:167–174
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Mickelsen P. A., Plorde J. J., Gordon K. P. Instability of antibiotic resistance in a strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from an outbreak of prosthetic valve endocarditis. J Infect Dis 1985; 152:50–58
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Van Den Broek P. J., Lampe A. S., Berbee G. A. M., Thompson J., Mouton R. P. Epidemic of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Br Med J 1985; 291:949–950
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Christensen G. D., Baddour L. M., Madison B. M. Colonial morphology of staphylococci on Memphis agar: phase variation of slime production, resistance to ß-lactam antibiotics, and virulence. J Infect Dis 1990; 161:1153–1169
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Etienne J., Renaud F., Bes M. Instability of characteristics amongst coagulase-negative staphylococci causing endo-carditis. J Med Microbiol 1990; 32:115–122
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Richardson J. F., Marples R. R. Changing resistance to antimicrobial drugs, and resistance typing in clinically significant strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Med Microbiol 1982; 15:475–484
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Marples R.R. Laboratory assessment in the epidemiology of infections caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Med Microbiol 1986; 22:285–286
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Parisi J. T., Lampson B. C., Hoover D. L., Khan J. A. Comparison of epidemiologic markers for Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Clin Microbiol 1986; 24:56–60
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Pfaller M. A., Herwladt L. A. Laboratory, clinical, and epidemiological aspects of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Clin Microbiol Rev 1988; 1:281–299
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Thore M., Kuhn I., Lofdahl S., Burman L. G. Drug-resistant coagulase-negative skin staphylococci. Epidemiol Infect 1990; 105:95–105
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Hartstein A. L., Valvano M. A., Morthland V. H., Fuchs P. C., Potter S. A., Crosa L. H. Antimicrobic susceptibility and plasmid profile analysis as identity tests for multiple blood isolates for coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25:589–593
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Hebert G. A., Cooksey R. C., Clark N. C., Hill B. C., Jarvis W. R., Thomsberry C. Biotyping coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26:1950–1956
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Ludlam H. A., Noble W. C., Marples R. R., Phillips I. The evaluation of a typing scheme for coagulase-negative staphylococci suitable for epidemiological studies. J Med Microbiol 1989; 30:161–165
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Parisi J. T., Hamory B. H. Simplified method for the isolation, identification, and characterisation of Staphylococcus epidermidis in epidemiologic studies. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1986; 4:29–35
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Schumacher-Perdreau F., Jansen B., Peters G., Pulverer G. Typing of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from foreign body infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1988; 7:270–273
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Froggatt J. W., Johnston J. L., Galetto D. W., Archer G. L. Antimi-crobial resistance in nosocomial isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989; 33:460–466
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Witte W., Braulke C., Halle E., Spencker F. B., Handrick W. Typing of multiple isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci from blood cultures and cerebrospinal fluid in neonates and children: an approach to discriminate contaminants. Zentralbl Bakteriol 1990; 274:382–389
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Bes M., Brun Y., Fleurette J. Nouveaux bacteriophages de Staphylococcus epidermidis: evaluation de leur interet epidemiologique. Ann Microbiol(Inst Pasteur) 1984; 135B:165–176
    [Google Scholar]
  33. de Saxe M. J., Crees-Morris J. A., Marples R. R., Richardson J. F. Evaluation of current phage-typing systems for coagulase-negative staphylococci. Zentralbl Bakteriol 1981 Suppl 10:197–204
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Marples R. R., Richardson J. F. Characters of coagulase-negative staphylococci collected for a collaborative phage-typing study. Zentralbl Bakteriol 1981 Suppl 10:175–180
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Martin-de-Nicolas M. M., Vindel A., Saez-Nieto J. A. Development of a new set of phages as an epidemiological marker in Staphylococcus epidermidis causing nosocomial infections. Epidemiol Infect 1990; 104:111–118
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Richardson J. F., Marples R. R. Phage typability of coagulase-negative staphylococci in relation to antibiotic resistance. Zentralbl Bakteriol 1987 Suppl 16:235–246
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Rosdahl V. T., Gahm-Hansen B., Moller J. K., Kjaeldgaard P. Phage-typing of coagulase-negative staphylococci. APMIS 1990; 98:299–304
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Verhoef J., Van Boven C. P. A., Winkler K. C. Phage-typing of coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Med Microbiol 1972; 5:9–19
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Pillet J., Orta B. Analyse serologique des staphylocoques coagulase negatifs: etude des agglutinogenes caracteris-tiques des souches types des neuf especes individualisees par Schleifer et Kloos. Ann Microbiol (Inst Pasteur) 1977 1288475–486
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Archer G. L. Molecular epidemiology of multiresistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Antimicrob Chemother 1988; 21: Suppl C 133–138
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Archer G. L., Karchmer A. W., Vishniavsky N., Johnston J. L. Plasmid-pattern analysis for the differentiation of infecting from noninfecting Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Infect Dis 1984; 149:913–920
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Brown E., Wenzel R. P., Hendley J. O. Exploration of the microbial anatomy of normal human skin by using plasmid profiles of coagulase-negative staphylococci: search for the reservoir of resident skin flora. J Infect Dis 1989; 160:644–650
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Etienne J., Poitevin-Later F., Renaud FO., Fleurette J. Plasmid profiles and genomic DNA restriction endonuclease patterns of 30 independent Staphylococcus lugdunensis strains. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1990; 67:93–98
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Parisi J. T., Hecht D. W. Plasmid profiles in epidemiologic studies of infections by Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Infect Dis 1980; 141:637–643
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Bialkowska-Hobrzanska H., Jaskot D., Hammerberg O. A. method for DNA restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Microbiol Meth 1990; 12:41–49
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Bumie J. P., Lee W. A. comparison of DNA and immunoblot fingerprinting of the SII biotype of coagulase negative staphylococci. Epidemiol Infect 1989; 101:203–212
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Bialkowska-Hobrzanska H., Harry V., Jaskot D., Hammerberg O. Typing of coagulase-negative staphylococci by Southern hybridization of chromosomal DNA fingerprints using a ribosomal RNA probe. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1990; 9:588–594
    [Google Scholar]
  48. De Buyser M.-L., Morvan A., Grimont F., El Solh N. Characterization of Staphylococcus species by ribosomal RNA gene restriction patterns. J Gen Microbiol 1989; 135:989–999
    [Google Scholar]
  49. El Solh N., De Buyser M. L. Morvan, A et al. Use of Bacillus subtil is 16S rRNA as a probe to identify species, subspecies, and types in the genus staphylococcus. In Novick R. P., Skurray R. A. (eds) Molecular biology of staphylococci 1990585–593
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Pennington T. H., Harker C., Thompson-Carter F. Identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and rRNA restriction patterns. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29:390–392
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Thompson-Carter F. M., Carter P. E., Pennington T. H. Differentiation of staphylococcal species and strains by ribosomal RNA gene restriction patterns. J Gen Microbiol 1989; 135:2093–2097
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Bumie J. P., Lee W., Matthews R. C., Bayston R. Immunoblot fingerprinting of coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Clin Pathol 1988; 41:103–110
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Clink J., Pennington T. H. Staphylococcal whole-cell polypeptide analysis: evaluation as a taxonomic and typing tool. J Med Microbiol 1986; 22:41–44
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Maggs A. F., Pennington T. H. Temporal study of staphylococcal species on the skin of human subjects in isolation and clonal analysis of Staphylococcus capitis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27:2627–2632
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Stephenson J. R., Tabaqchali S. New method for typing coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Clin Pathol 1986; 39:1271–1275
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Thompson-Carter F. M., Pennington T. H. Characterization of coagulase-negative staphylococci by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analyses. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27:2199–2203
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Kotilainen P., Huovinen P., Eerola E. Application of gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of cellular fatty acids for species identification and typing of coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29:315–322
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Monzon-Moreno C., Aubert S., Morvan A., El Solh N. Usefulness of three probes in typing methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. J Med Microbiol 1991; 34:80–88
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Iglesias A., Ceglowski P., Trautner T. A. Plasmid transformation in Bacillus subtilis. Effects of the insertion of Bacillus subtilis rRNA genes into plasmids. Mol Gen Genet 1983; 192:149–155
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Ferretti J. J., Gilmore K. S., Courvalin P. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the gene specifying the bifunctional 6′-amino-glycoside acetyltransferase 2-aminoglycoside phosphor-transferase enzyme in Streptococcus faecalis and identification and cloning of gene regions specifying the two activities. J Bacteriol 1986; 167:631–638
    [Google Scholar]
  61. El Solh N., Moreau N., Ehrlich S. D. Molecular cloning and analysis of Staphylococcus aureus chromosomal aminoglycoside resistance genes. Plasmid 1986; 15:104–118
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Brun Y., Bes M., Boeufgras J. M. International collaborative evaluation of the ATB 32 Staph gallery for identification of the Staphylococcus species. Zentralbl Bakterioi 1990; 273:319–326
    [Google Scholar]
  63. El Solh N., Allignet J., Bismuth R., Buret B., Fouace J.-M. Conjugative transfer of staphylococcal antibiotic resistance markers in the absence of detectable plasmid DNA. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1986; 30:161–169
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 1970; 227:680–685
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Sambrook J., Fritsch E. F., Maniatis T. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. 2nd edn Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1989
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Kado C. L., Liu S.-T. Rapid procedure for detection and isolation of large and small plasmids. J Bacteriol 1981; 145:1365–1373
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Smith G. E., Summers M. D. The bidirectional transfer of DNA and RNA to nitrocellulose or diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper. Anal Biochem 1980; 109:123–129
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Dice L. R. Measures of the amount of ecologic association between species. Ecology 1945; 26:297–302
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Byrne M. E., Rouch D. A., Skurray R. A. Nucleotide sequence analysis of IS256 from the Staphylococcus aureus gen-tamicin-tobramycin-kanamycin-resistance transposon Tn4001. Gene 1989; 81:361–367
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Rouch D. A., Byrne M. E., Kong Y. C., Skurray R. A. The aacA-aphD gentamicin and kanamycin resistance determinant of Tn4000 from Staphylococcus aureus; expression and nucleotide sequence analysis. J Gen Microbiol 1987; 133:3039–3052
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Thomas W. D., Archer G. L. Mobility of gentamicin resistance genes from staphylococci isolated in the United States: identification of Tn4031, a gentamicin resistance transposon from Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989; 33:1335–1341
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-36-5-321
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-36-5-321
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error