1887

Abstract

Summary

The identification of new epidemic strains of methicillin-resistant is essential for rapid, effective infection control. We have developed a typing method which uses antibiotic sensitivity patterns to differentiate methicillin-resistant and which is faster and more cost-effective than biochemical analysis or bacteriophage typing. Characterisation of phenotypes which are chromosomally-encoded, plasmid- or chromosomally-encoded or exclusively plasmid-mediated has enabled us to separate Australian strains of methicillin-resistant into 11 classes, representatives of which were indistinguishable by bacteriophage type, or plasmid profile alone. The value of this procedure is thus clearly shown.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-31-1-57
1990-01-01
2024-04-25
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/31/1/medmicro-31-1-57.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-31-1-57&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Coleman D C et al. 1985; Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and analysis of plasmids in gentamicin- and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Dublin hospitals. Journal of Medical Microbiology 20:157–167
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Cohen M L, Wong E S, Falkow S. 1982; Common R-plasmids in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis during a nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus outbreak. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 21:210–215
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Cookson B D, Phillips I. 1988; Epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 21 SupplC:57–65
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Fisher M W. 1960; The susceptibility of staphylococci to chloramphenicol : a survey of experimental and clinical experiences. Archives of Internal Medicine 105:13–423
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Gaston M A et al. 1988; Evaluation of electrophoretic methods for typing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Medical Microbiology 26:189–197
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Gedney J, Lacey R W. 1982; Properties of methicillin-resistant staphylococci now endemic in Australia. Medical Journal of Australia 1:448–450
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Gillespie M T, Lyon B R, Loo L S L, Matthews P R, Stewart P R, Skurray R A. 1987a; Homologous direct repeat sequences associated with mercury, methicillin, tetracycline and trimethoprim resistance determinants in Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiology Letters 43:165–171
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Gillespie M T, Lyon B R, Messerotti L J, Skurray R A. 1987*; Chromosome- and plasmid-mediated gentamicin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus encoded by Tn4001. Journal of Medical Microbiology 24: 139–144
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Gillespie M T, Lyon B R, Skurray R A. 1988; Structural and evolutionary relationships of β-lactamase transposons from Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of General Microbiology 134:2857–2866
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Gillespie M T, Lyon B R, Skurray R A. 1989; Gentamicin and antiseptic resistance in epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet 1:503
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Gillespie M T, May J W, Skurray R A. 1984; Antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profiles of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a retrospective study. Journal of Medical Microbiology 17:295–310
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Gillespie M T, May J W, Skurray R A. 1985; Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated at an Australian hospital between 1946 and 1981. Journal of Medical Microbiology 19:37–147
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Gillespie M T, May J W, Skurray R A. 1986a; Plasmid-encoded resistance to acriflavine and quaternary ammonium compounds in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiology Letters 34:47–51
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Gillespie M T, May J W, Skurray R A. 1986b; Detection of an integrated tetracycline resistance plasmid in the chromosomes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of General Microbiology 132:723–1728
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Gillespie M T, Skurray R A. 1988; Structural relationships among chloramphenicol-resistance plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiology Letters 51:205–210
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Kozarsky P E, Rimland D, Terry P M, Wachsmuth K. 1986; Plasmid analysis of simultaneous nosocomial outbreaks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infection Control 7:77–581
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Krikler S J, Pennington T H, Petrie D. 1986; Typing of strains of Staphylococcus aureus by Western blot analysis of culture supernates. Journal of Medical Microbiology 21:69–171
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Lee W, Burnie J P. 1988; Fingerprinting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by the immunoblot technique. Journal of Medical Microbiology 25:261–268
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Lunn G, Sansone E B. 1987; Ethidium bromide: destruction and decontamination of solutions. Analytical Biochemistry 162:453–458
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Lyon B R, Gillespie M T, Byrne M E, May J W, Skurray R A. 1987; Plasmid-mediated resistance to gentamicin in Staphylococcus aureus : the involvement of a transposon. Journal of Medical Microbiology 23:01–110
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Lyon B R, Iuorio J L, May J W, Skurray R A. 1984a; Molecular epidemiology of multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus in Australian hospitals. Journal of Medical Microbiology 17:79–89
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Lyon B R, May J W, Skurray R A. 1983; Analysis of plasmids in nosocomial strains of multiple-antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 23:817–826
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Lyon B R, Skurray R A. 1987; Tn4001: a gentamicin and kanamycin resistance transposon in Staphylococcus aureus. Molecular and General Genetics 193:554–556
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Lyon B R, Skurray R A. 1987; Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus: genetic basis. Microbiological Reviews 51:88–134
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Matthews P R, Reed K C, Stewart PR. 1987; The cloning of chromosomal DNA associated with methicillin and other resistances in Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of General Microbiology 133:1919–1929
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Murphy E, Huwyler L, Bastos M C F. 1985; Transposon Tn554: complete nucleotide sequence and isolation of transposon-defective and antibiotic-sensitive mutants. EMBO Journal 4:3357–3365
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Rahman M, Naidoo J, George R C. 1988; New genetic location of gentamicin-resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet 2:12–56
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Rhinehart E et al. 1987; Nosocomial clonal dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: elucidation by plasmid analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine 147:521–524
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Richardson J F, Chittasobhon N, Marples R R. 1988; Supplementary phages for the investigation of strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Medical Microbiology 25:67–74
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Rouch D A, Messerotti L J, Loo L S L, Jackson C A, Skurray R A. 1989; Trimethoprim resistance transposon Tn4003 from Staphylococcus aureus encodes genes for a dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase flanked by three copies of IS257. Molecular Microbiology 3:161–175
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Skurray R A et al. 1988; Multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus: genetics and evolution of epidemic Australian strains. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 21 Suppl C:19–39
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Stephenson J R, Crook S J, Tabaqchali S. 1986; New method for typing Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin based on sulphur-35methionine labelled proteins: its application in an outbreak. British Medical Journal 293:581–583
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Tennent J M, Lyon B R, Gillespie M T, May J W, Skurray R A. 1985; Cloning and expression of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid-mediated quaternary ammonium resistance in Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 27:79–83
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Tennent J M, Young H-K, Lyon B R, Amyes S G B, Skurray R A. 1988; Trimethoprim resistance determinants encoding a dihydrofolate reductase in clinical isolates of of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Journal of Medical Microbiology 26:67–73
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Tennent J M, Lyon B R, Midgley M, Jones I G, Purewal A S, Skurray R A. 1989; Physical and biochemical characterization of the qacA gene encoding antiseptic and disinfectant resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of General Microbiology 135:1–10
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Townsend D E, Ashdown N, Bradley J M, Pearman J W, Grubb W B. 1984; “Australian” methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a London hospital?. Medical Journal of Australia 141:39–340
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Ubukata K, Itoh-Yamashita N, Konno M. 1989; Cloning and expression of the nor A gene for fluoroquinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 33:1535–1539
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Ubukata K, Itoh-Yamashita N, Konno M. 1989; Cloning and expression of the norA gene for fluoroquinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Pathology 15:235–240
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Young H-K, Skurray R A, Amyes S G B. 1987; Plasmid-mediated trimethoprim-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: characterization of the first gram-positive plasmid dihydrofolate reductase (type SI). Biochemical Journal 243:309–312
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-31-1-57
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-31-1-57
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error