has a gram-positive cell-wall ultrastructure and lacks classical cell-wall lipopolysaccharide Free

Abstract

Summary

has a very thin cell wall with a characteristic gram-negative staining pattern and an apparent lamellar structure when viewed at an oblique angle by electronmicroscopy. Examination at right angles to the cell-wall plane and by freeze-etching showed absence of an outer membrane or any other lamellar structure. Cell-wall extracts made by methods specific for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) gave negative reactions by silver staining and for endotoxin in the limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. 2-Keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octonoic acid (KDO), heptose and hydroxy fatty acids specific for LPS were not detected in the extracts. cell walls are unequivocally gram-positive in their ultrastructural characteristics and chemical composition.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-29-3-229
1989-07-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/29/3/medmicro-29-3-229.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-29-3-229&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Beveridge T. J. 1988; Wall ultrastructure: how little we know. In Actor P. (eds) Antibiotic inhibition of bacterial cell surface assembly and function American Society for Microbiology; Washington, DC: pp 3–20
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Cheng K.-J., Costerton J. W. 1977; Ultrastructure of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens: a gram-positive bacterium?. Journal of Bacteriology 129:1506–1512
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Costerton J. W., Ingram J. M., Cheng K.-J. 1974; Structure and function of the cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria. Bacteriological Reviews 38:87–110
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Criswell B. S., Marston J. H., Stenback W. A., Black S. H., Gardner H. L. 1971; Haemophilus vaginalis 594, a gram-negative organism?. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 17:865–869
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Criswell B. S., Stenback W. A., Black S. H., Gardner H. L. 1972; Fine structure of Haemophilus vaginalis. Journal of Bacteriology 109:930–932
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Darveau R. P., Hancock R. E. W. 1983; Procedure for isolation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides from both smooth and rough Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium strains. Journal of Bacteriology 155:831–838
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Domingue P. A. G., Schwarzinger E., Brown M. R. W. 1988; Growth rate, iron depletion and a sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin G affect the surface hydrophobicity of Staphylococcus aureus. In Opferkuch W. (ed) The influence of antibiotics on the host-parasite relationship vol 3 Springer-Verlag; Berlin: pp 50–62
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Greenwood J. R., Pickett M. J. 1980; Transfer of Haemophilus vaginalis Gardner and Dukes to a new genus, Gardnerella: G vaginalis (Gardner and Dukes) comb. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 30:170–178
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Harper J. J., Davis G. H. G. 1982; Cell wall analysis of Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 32:48–50
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Hochstein H. D., Mills D. F., Outschoom A. S., Rastogi S. C. 1983; The processing and collaborative assay of a reference endotoxin. Journal of Biological Standardization 11:251–260
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Kropinski A. M., Kuzio J., Angus B. L., Hancock R. E. W. 1982; Chemical and chromatographic analysis of lipopolysac-charide from an antibiotic-supersusceptible mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 21:310–319
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Laemmli U. K. 1970; Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 221:680–685
    [Google Scholar]
  13. O’Donnell A. G., Minnikin D. E., Goodfellow M., Piot P. 1984; Fatty acid, polar lipid and wall amino acid composition of Gardnerella vaginalis. Archives of Microbiology 138:68–71
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Osborn M. J., Gander J. E., Parisi E., Carson J. 1972; Mechanism of assembly of the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium.. Journal of Biological Chemistry 247:3962–3972
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Piot P., Van Dyck E., Goodfellow M., Falkow S. 1980; A taxonomic study of Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis) Gardner and Dukes 1955. Journal of General Microbiology 119:373–396
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Reyn A., Birch-Andersen A., Lapage S. P. 1966; An electron microscope study of thin sections of Haemophilus vaginalis (Gardner and Dukes) and some possibly related species. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 12:1125–1136
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Reynolds E. S. 1963; The use of lead citrate at high pH as electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. Journal of Cell Biology 17:208–212
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Sharp J., Poxton I. R. 1986; Analysis of the membrane lipocarbo-hydrate antigen of Clostridium difficile by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. FEMS Microbiology Letters 34:97–100
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Spurr A. R. 1969; A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. Journal of Ultrastructural Research 26:31–43
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Tsai C. M., Frasch C. E. 1982; A sensitive silver stain for detecting lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry 119:115–119
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Westphal O., Jann K. 1965; Bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Extraction with phenol water and further applications of the procedure. Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry 5:83–91
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Wicken A. J., Knox K. W. 1975; Lipoteichoic acids: a new class of bacterial antigen. Science 187:1161–1167
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Wicken A. J., Knox K. W. 1980; Bacterial cell surface amphiphiles. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 604:1–26
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Wright B. G., Reber P. A. 1972; Procedure for determining heptose and hexose in lipopolysaccharides: modification of the cysteine-sulfuric acid method. Analytical Biochemistry 49:307–319
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-29-3-229
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-29-3-229
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed