1887

Abstract

SUMMARY

In a prospective study, 52 isolates from individual patients with septicaemia and 27 nasal strains from separate, healthy carriers were compared for production of a range of extracellular proteins and toxins. Whereas there was no difference (p > 0.05) between septicaemic and nasal isolates with respect to incidence of α, β, γ and haemolysins, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 or staphylokinase production, the incidence of enterotoxin A, B, and C production was higher among isolates from septicaemia (p < 0.01). Of the isolates from septicaemia, 33 (63%) produced enterotoxins A, B, C or D alone or in combination. Only three (11%) of the nasal isolates produced a single enterotoxin, enterotoxin D. Of the isolates from septicaemia, 67% were hospital-acquired and > 25% of these were endemic, methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. All MRSA strains produced either enterotoxin A, or enterotoxin B, or both. These findings suggest a possible role for enterotoxins in the pathogenesis of disease other than food poisoning.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-28-3-163
1989-03-01
2024-12-08
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/28/3/medmicro-28-3-163.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-28-3-163&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Arbuthnott J. P. 1983; Epidermolytic toxins. In Easmon C. S. F., Adlam C. (eds) Staphylococci and staphylococcal infections Vol 2 Academic Press; London: pp 599–617
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Arbuthnott J. P. 1988; Toxic shock syndrome: a multisystem conundrum. Microbiological Sciences 5:13–16
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Arvidson S. O. 1983; Extracellular enzymes from Staphylococcus aureus. In Easmon C. S. F., Adlam C. (eds) Staphylococci and staphylococcal infections Vol 2 Academic Press; London: pp 745–808
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Asheshov E. H., Coe A. W., Porthouse A. 1977; Properties of strains of Staphylococcus aureus in the 94, 96 complex. Journal of Medical Microbiology 10:171–178
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bergdoll M. S. 1983; Enterotoxins. In Easmon C. S. F., Adlam C. (eds) Staphylococci and staphylococcal infections Vol 2 Academic Press; London: pp 559–598
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bergdoll M. S. 1985; The staphylococcal enterotoxins—an update. In Jeljaszewicz J. (ed) The Staphylococci Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie; Mikrobiologie und Hygiene: Suppl 6 pp 247–254
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Blair J. E., Williams R. E. O. 1961; Phage typing of staphylococci. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 24:771–784
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Burnette W. N. 1981; “Western Blotting”: electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein A. Analytical Biochemistry 112:195–203
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Carlson E. C. 1986; A C02-enhanced hemolytic activity of Staphylococcus aureus associated with toxic shock syndrome: inhibition by agar. Journal of Infectious Diseases 154:186–188
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Carroll J. D. 1988; A new methicillin-and gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dublin: molecular genetic analysis. Journal of Medical Microbiology 28:15–23
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Christensson B., Hedstrom S. A. 1986; Biochemical and biological properties of Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia strains in relation to clinical characteristics. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 18:297–303
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Chow A. W., Gribble M. J., Bartlett K. H. 1982; Hemolytic activity of toxic-shock syndrome-associated Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 146:98
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Clyne M., de Azavedo J., Carlson E., Arbuthnott J. P. 1988; Production of gamma-hemolysin and lack of production of alpha-hemolysin by Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with toxic shock syndrome. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 26:535–539
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Coleman D. C. 1985; Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and analysis of plasmids in gentamicin-and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Dublin hospitals. Journal of Medical Microbiology 20:157–167
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Coleman D. C., Arbuthnott J. P., Pomeroy H. M., Birkbeck T. H. 1986; Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus of the beta-lysin determinant from Staphylococcus aureus: evidence that bacteriophage conversion of beta-lysin activity is caused by insertional inactivation of the beta-lysin determinant. Microbial Pathogenesis 1:549–564
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Crass B. A., Bergdoll M. S. 1986a; Toxin involvement in toxic shock syndrome. Journal of Infectious Diseases 153:918–926
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Crass B. A., Bergdoll M. S. 1986a; Involvement of staphylococcal enterotoxins in nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 23:1138–1139
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Derbyshire J. B. 1961; Further immunological studies in experimental staphylococcal mastitis. Journal of Comparative Pathology and Therapeutics 71:146–158
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Devriese L. A., Van De Kerckhove A. 1980; A comparison of methods used for testing staphylokinase (fibrinolysin) production in staphylococcus strains. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 46:457–465
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Duckworth G. J., Oppenheim B. A. 1986; Enterotoxin production in epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet 1:565–566
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Elek S. D., Levy E. 1950; Distribution of haemolysins in pathogenic and non-pathogenic staphylococci. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 62:541–544
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Freer J. H., Arbuthnott J. P. 1972; Toxins of Staphylococcus aureus. In Cohen J. O. (ed) The Staphylococci Wiley Interscience; New York: pp 55–106
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Grandsen W. R., Eykyn S. J., Phillips I. 1984; Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: 400 episodes in St. Thomas’s Hospital. British Medical Journal 288:300–303
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Gemmell C. G. 1982; The staphylococcus-new features 100 years after its discovery. Journal of Infection 4:5–15
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Hayes P. S., Graves L. M., Feeley J. C., Hancock G. A., Cohen M. L., Reingold A. L., Broome C. V., Hightower A. W. 1984; Production of toxic-shock-associated protein (s) in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from 1956 through 1982. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 20:43–46
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Kjems E. 1963; Two variants of Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46 (NCTC 7121) differing in respect to alpha toxin production. Journal of Bacteriology 86:1127–1128
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Lacey R. W., Keyworth N., Lincoln C. 1984; Staphylococci in the U.K.: a review. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 14: Suppl D 19–25
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Langley R. 1979a; Fisher’s Test. In Practical statistics simply explained edn 2 Pan Education Statistics; London: pp 292–317
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Langley R. 1979b; Yates’ x2 Test. In Practical statistics simply explained edn 2 Pan Education Statistics; London: pp 285–291
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Lin Y. S., Rogers T. J. 1986; Inhibition of antibody production from the plasmacytoma cell line MOPC-315 by staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced T-suppressor cells. Cellular Immunology 102:299–306
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Lyon B. R., Skurray R. A. 1987; Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus: genetic basis. Microbiological Reviews 51:88–134
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Maki D. G. 1981; Nosocomial bacteremia. An epidemiological overview. American Journal of Medicine 70:714–732
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Mollby R. 1983; Isolation and properties of membrane damaging toxins. In Easmon C. S. F., Adlam C. (eds) Staphylococci and staphylococcal infections Vol 2 Academic Press; London: pp 619–669
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Nolan C. M., Beaty H. N. 1976; Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Current clinical patterns. American Journal of Medicine 60:495–500
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Novick R. 1967; Properties of a cryptic high-frequency transducing phage in Staphylococcus aureus. Virology 33:155–166
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Parker M. T. 1983; The significance of phage-typing patterns in Staphylococcus aureus. In Easmon C. S. F., Adlam C. (eds) Staphylococci and staphyloccal infections vol 1 Academic Press; London: pp 33–62
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Russell R. R. B., Coleman D., Dougan G. 1985; Expression of a gene for glucan-binding protein from Streptococcus mutans in Escherichia coli. Journal of General Microbiology 131:295–299
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Scheuber P. H., Denzlinger C., Wilker D., Beck G., Keppler D., Hammer D. K. 1987; Staphylococcal enterotoxin B as a nonimmunological mast cell stimulus in primates: the role of endogenous cysteinyl leukotrienes. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology 82:289–291
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Shah M., Watanakunakorn C. 1979; Changing patterns of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. American Journal of Medical Science 278:115–121
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Shortle D. 1983; A genetic system for analysis of staphylococcal nuclease. Gene 22:181–189
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Todd J., Fishaut M., Kapral F., Welch T. 1978; Toxic-shock syndrome associated with phage-group-I staphylococci. Lancet 2:1116–1118
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-28-3-163
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-28-3-163
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error