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Volume 64,
Issue 7,
1983
Volume 64, Issue 7, 1983
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Defective Interfering Particles of Encephalomyocarditis Virus
More LessSUMMARYEncephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus and five temperature-sensitive mutants of EMC virus were serially passed numerous times in HeLa, L929 and BHK-21 cells. Equilibrium centrifugation in CsCl density gradients of virus and electrophoresis of virus RNA from many of the high number passages indicated the presence of standard EMC virus and particles containing RNA of lower molecular weight. Three virus isolates with high passage number were able to interfere with the replication of the standard virions in mixed infections. We believe our results show the generation of defective interfering particles of EMC virus.
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Multiple Homologies of Oligonucleotide Size Exist between Nucleic Acids of Picornaviruses
More LessSUMMARYA semi-quantitative analysis of hybrid formation between restriction enzymegenerated subgenomic fragments of cloned cDNA prepared from RNA of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strain O1K and radiolabelled RNA from bovine enterovirus, bovine rhinovirus or Mengo virus indicated that the hybrids were of oligonucleotide size. They were located in those parts of the FMDV O1K genome that code for the two capsid proteins VP3 and VP1 and the precursor protein P52 as well as at the 3′end. No hybridization was observed with poliovirus type 1 RNA.
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- Plant
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Origin and Messenger Activity of Two Small RNA Species Found in Particles of Tobacco Rattle Virus Strain SYM
More LessSUMMARYNucleoprotein preparations of tobacco rattle virus (TRV) strain SYM contain particles of four modal lengths. Particles of length 188 nm and 101 nm contain RNA-1 and RNA-2 respectively. Those of length 57 nm and 48 nm contain RNA molecules that are not required for infectivity but include specific sequences derived from both RNA-1 and RNA-2. No products attributable to translation of RNA-2 were obtained in reticulocyte lysates, whereas RNA-2 of other TRV strains serves as messenger RNA for virus coat protein. In strain SYM, one of the smaller RNA species, RNA-3 (mol. wt. 0.6 × 106, 1750 nucleotides), was translated in vitro to give coat protein, and is apparently a subgenomic messenger RNA derived from RNA-2. The other small RNA species, RNA-4 (mol. wt. 0.54 × 106, 1550 nucleotides), was translated into a polypeptide of apparent mol. wt. 29000, unrelated to coat protein. It is suggested that RNA-4 is a subgenomic messenger RNA derived from RNA-1.
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Southern Bean Mosaic Virus in Mexican Bean Beetle and Bean Leaf Beetle Regurgitants
More LessSUMMARYInduced regurgitants from Mexican bean beetles, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, and bean leaf beetles, Cerotoma trifurcata Forster, fed on southern bean mosaic virus-infected Black Valentine bean, contained concentrations of virus comparable to those in crude sap from infected leaf tissue. The virus in regurgitant of either beetle was not inactivated by storage in vitro at room temperature for 7 days. Regurgitants inhibited infection when pooled and mixed with purified virus. When beetles were fed on Pinto bean leaves dipped in purified virus concentrations of 1 or 10 mg virus/ml buffer, the amount of virus in the regurgitants and serial transmission levels by both beetles were related to the concentration from which acquisition occurred. A reduction in transmission levels with time after acquisition feeding occurred at different rates for each species of beetle and was associated with decrease of virus in the regurgitant. Mexican bean beetles but not bean leaf beetles which had fed on bromophenol blue-impregnated leaf tissue produced blue-coloured regurgitant and deposited the dye on feeding areas.
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Lipid Composition of Sonchus Yellow Net Virus
More LessSUMMARYSonchus yellow net virus (SYNV) contains approximately 18% lipid composed of 62% phospholipids, 31% sterols and 7% triglycerides. The polar phospholipids consist of phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidyl glycerol respectively. The fatty acid composition of the individual phospholipids includes various ratios of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. The neutral lipid fraction is composed primarily of free sterols, sterol esters and triglycerides. Sterol glycosides are also present in the polar lipid fraction. Stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, cholesterol and campesterol represent about 50%, 22%, 20% and 8% respectively, by weight, of the total sterol, and both glycosylated and nonglycosylated derivatives are present. Galactolipids are not detectable in the SYNV preparations, although small amounts of other unidentified lipids are present. This study suggests that a large number of selected lipids are obtained from the host during assembly of virus particles.
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