- Volume 47, Issue 2, 1980
Volume 47, Issue 2, 1980
- Animal
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Productive and Abortive Infection of L Cells by Fowl Plague Virus (FPV): Comparison of in vivo and in vitro Translation Products of the Virus mRNAs
More LessSUMMARYThe abortive infection of L cells by the Dobson strain of fowl plague virus (FPV) and the productive infection by a mammalian cell-adapted mutant have been compared. The mRNA population during the abortive cycle is characterized by a lower production compared to the productive system of mRNA 7 (which codes for the M polypeptide) early in the cycle, and a lower production of mRNAs 4, 6 and 7 (which code for HA, NA and M) late in the cycle. Differences in the amounts of the corresponding polypeptides can also be detected when these mRNA populations are used to programme a wheat germ cell-free system. However, analysis of the polypeptides synthesized in vivo by the two viruses show that equivalent amounts of all virus polypeptides are synthesized during the productive and the abortive cycles. Possible reasons for differences between in vivo and in vitro translation of the virus mRNAs during the abortive cycle are discussed.
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Cellular Differences in the Molecular Mechanisms of Vaccinia Virus Host Range Restriction
More LessSUMMARYThe biochemistry of vaccinia virus replication in two permissive (BSC-40, L-929), and two non-permissive (CHO, MDBK) cell lines has been compared. While CHO and MDBK cells differentially allowed expression of the various stages in the vaccinia developmental programme, neither cell supported production of any infectious progeny virions.
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Interferon Production by Human-Mouse Hybrid Cells: Dominant Mouse Control of Superinduction and Priming
More LessSUMMARYWe have examined the production of interferon by a number of human-mouse hybrid clones in response to polyriboinosinic acid:polyribocytidylic acid copolymer [poly(rI).poly(rC)], all of which produced both human and mouse interferons when stimulated with a virus. Their capacity to be superinduced and primed for interferon production in response to poly(rI).poly(rC) was compared to that of the parental human and mouse cells. It was found that the hybrids responded in a way similar to their mouse cell parents, indicating dominant mouse control of both the priming and superinduction phenomena.
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Monoclonal Antibodies to Influenza Matrix Protein: Detection of Low Levels of Matrix Protein on Abortively Infected Cells
More LessSUMMARYWe have quantified the appearance of matrix (M-) protein on P815 mastocytoma cells infected with type A influenza virus using a monoclonal antibody specific for m-protein. In contrast to previously reported values, only low amounts (about 103 molecules/cell) of m-protein appear on the cell surface up to 16 h p.i. Since P815 cells are excellent targets for cross-reactive T-cell lysis 3 to 5 h after virus infection, when only about 102 m-protein sites are found on each cell surface, it appears less likely that the recognition of m-protein can account for the cross-reactivity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes for different type A influenza viruses.
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Role of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection
More LessSUMMARYCell-mediated immunity is important in host control of CMV infection. A chromium release microcytotoxicity assay was used to evaluate the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in murine CMV infection. Within a few days after intranasal inoculation virus was detected in cultures of buffy-coat, spleens, anterior cervical lymph nodes and salivary glands. CTL were first detected on day 5 post-infection in spleen and peripheral blood, and on day 6 in anterior cervical nodes. The course of the CTL response approximated to that of virus titres during the acute phase of infection in the spleen and blood. The findings indicate that CTL are distributed to infected tissues and appear to be important during the acute, viraemic phase of infection.
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Persistent Paramyxovirus Infections and Behaviour of β-Adrenergic Receptors in C-6 Rat Glioma Cells
K. Koschel and P. MuenzelSUMMARYThis paper describes the influence of persistent infections of C-6 rat glioma cells by paramyxoviruses [virus of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and canine distemper (CDV)] on the cellular β-adrenergic membrane receptors. The number and binding properties of the β-adrenergic receptors of the paramyxovirus-infected cells were measured by 3H-dihydroalprenolol binding studies and compared with those of the uninfected C-6 cells. In the case of SSPE virus neither changes in number nor binding properties of β-adrenergic receptors could be observed, whereas in the case of CDV persistence the number of β-adrenergic receptors was reduced to about 50%, without an apparent influence on the binding constant for the ligand to the receptors.
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Isolation of a New Strain of Cytomegalovirus from Explanted Normal Skin
More LessSUMMARYForty-three fibroblast cell lines were initiated from normal skin biopsies. One cell line from a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) spontaneously developed c.p.e. suggestive of cytomegalovirus (CMV). Characterization of the virus showed it to be a new strain of CMV and the results suggested that skin fibroblasts from CMT patients may carry latent CMV.
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Changes in Protein-bound Oligomannosyl Type Glycans During Semliki Forest Virus Maturation
More LessSUMMARYLabelled oligomannosyl type glycans of E2 protein of Semliki Forest virus were liberated by treatment with endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, as well as by hydrazinolysis and analysed by paper chromatography. The protein-bound virus oligosaccharides were a mixture of Man7GlcNAc2, Man6GlcNAc2 and Man5GlcNAc2, and Man8GlcNAc2 also appeared to be present. P62 protein, the direct precursor of E2, was labelled by supplying infected BHK cells with 2-3H-mannose for 5 min. The oligomannosyl glycans of the P62 proteins formed were about two monosaccharide units larger than those of the mature virus E2 proteins.
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Immunogenicity in Mice of Temperature-sensitive Mutants of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus: Early Appearance in Bronchial Secretions of an Interferon-like Inhibitor
More LessSUMMARYTemperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana serotype) rapidly induced resistance in mice to intranasal challenge infection with the highly virulent wild-type homotypic virus, and to a lesser extent with the heterotypic New Jersey serotype. Intranasal vaccination with mutant tsG44 (IV) resulted in early appearance (at 12 h) of a bronchial inhibitor which protected mouse L cells and chick embryo cells against infection with vesicular stomatitis virus. This bronchial inhibitor was inactivated by trypsin but did not exhibit the properties of immunoglobulins, defective-interfering virus or virus glycoprotein. It was active in both chick and mouse cells and was relatively labile to acid and heat, but the antiviral activity of this bronchial inhibitor was neutralized by a goat antiserum to type I mouse interferon.
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Synthesis, Accumulation and Encapsidation of Individual Brome Mosaic Virus RNA Components in Barley Protoplasts
More LessSUMMARYThe rates of virus RNA synthesis and virion accumulation were investigated in brome mosaic virus-infected barley protoplasts. Single-stranded virus RNAs could be detected as early as 6 h after inoculation. Only RNA components 1 and 2 were detected at this time, suggesting that their synthesis is initiated relatively early in infection. The RNAs were synthesized at similar rates from 16 to 35 h post inoculation with maximal synthesis until approx. 25 h after inoculation. Double-stranded replicative forms of the four virus RNAs were observed. Their synthesis was first detectable at 6 h post inoculation and followed a time course similar to that of the single-stranded RNA species. Analysis of RNA encapsidation and infectivity assays of protoplast homogenates revealed that virion formation was greatest between 10 and 25 h after inoculation. All four RNAs were present in virions at 10 h post inoculation. Particles containing RNA 3 and RNA 4 accumulated at a faster rate than particles containing RNA 1 or RNA 2.
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Heterologous Reactivity of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Strains in Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays
More LessSUMMARYEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) differentiated between the antigens of the type strains of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and those of the avocado isolate (TMV-A). The ELISA specificity in the heterologous antibody systems was affected mainly by the behaviour of the free phase (conjugate antibodies) whereas antibodies used for coating cross-reacted as in double-diffusion tests. Binding of bovine serum albumin to the TMV and TMV-A antibodies used for coating impaired their activity when tested in homologous reactions but did not make them completely specific in the heterologous system. The complexes of both TMV and TMV-A antigens bound to their homologous and heterologous coated antibodies were stable to acid dissociation. Some possible explanations of ELISA specificity are discussed.
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