- Volume 2, Issue 2, 1968
Volume 2, Issue 2, 1968
- Articles
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Evidence for a Host Cell Component in Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
More LessSUMMARYRabbit serum against baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells fixed complement with vesicular stomatitis virus grown in BHK cells but not with virus grown in pig kidney (PK) cells. Similarly, PK cell antiserum reacted only with virus grown in PK cells. The infectivity of the virus was reduced greatly by virus antiserum and formed a complex with the serum which sedimented in 30 min. at 10,000 g. In contrast, the infectivity was not reduced by cell antiserum and did not form a sedimentable complex. The purified infective component fixed more complement with cell antiserum than with virus antiserum but the small virus antigens released later in the growth cycle fixed complement with the virus antiserum only. By the use of virus grown in the presence of labelled inorganic phosphate or in cells which had already incorporated 32P, it was shown that the cellular component of the virus was present in the envelope.
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Interaction of p-Chloromercuribenzoate with Adenoviruses. Inactivation of Haemagglutinins and Degradation of Virions of Types 3, 4 and 7
More LessSUMMARYInteraction of p-chloromercuribenzoate with the haemagglutinins of adenovirus types 3, 4 and 7 resulted in the loss of their ability to agglutinate red cells—a loss which can be either reversible or irreversible. The structural integrity of the haemagglutinins of types 3 and 7 was maintained in the process of their reversible inactivation in 0·2 m-tris buffer, but inactivation was irreversible if they were allowed to react with p-chloromercuribenzoate in 0·1 m-borate buffer (pH 8·0) or if the reversibly inactivated haemagglutinins were transferred into the borate buffer even in the absence of the mercurial compound. Thus the reversibly inactivated haemagglutinins are predisposed to irreversible loss of activity. Haemagglutinin of type 4 was irreversibly inactivated in both buffers. Virus particles of adenovirus types 3, 4 and 7 are degraded by treatment with p-chloromercuribenzoate in the borate buffer.
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Adsorption, Penetration and Uncoating of Herpes Simplex Virus
More LessSUMMARYThe interaction of herpes virus particles with BSC1 cells was studied with purified virus particles labelled in the DNA and coat proteins. Intact virions adsorbed to the cell within 3 hr, a process not affected by inhibitors of nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Heparin, a negatively charged polysaccharide, interfered with the interaction of the virions with the cell membrane, and released virions attached to the cell surface. After entering the cytoplasm, some virus particles were associated with large structures. The virus particles were uncoated by existing cellular enzymes and naked viral DNA, but not the coat proteins, was gradually transported into the nuclei.
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Growth of High-titre Semliki Forest Virus in Concentrated Suspensions of Chick Embryo Cells
More LessSUMMARYFreshly prepared chick embryo cells have a lower glycolysis rate than cultured cells and can be used at higher concentrations in suspension to produce virus. Conditions for producing maximal yields (about 103 p.f.u./ cell) of Semliki Forest virus from suspensions containing 107 to 108 cells/ml. were: (1) suitable preparation of the cells, (2) incubation at 31°, (3) maintenance of pH at 7 to 7·4, (4) adequate glucose, (5) adequate oxygen, (6) gentle agitation. The cultures required no nutrient other than glucose and the cells were suspended in Earle’s saline. For cell concentrations up to 3 × 107/ml. cultures were stirred in a simple sealed vessel and buffered with NaHCO3/CO2. Cultures containing 108 cells/ml. were stirred in a vessel equipped with automatic pH control and produced 1011 p.f.u./ml. of virus.
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The Purification and Properties of Chronic Bee-paralysis Virus
More LessSUMMARYPurified preparations of chronic bee-paralysis virus were obtained by clarifying water extracts of paralysed bees with ether and carbon tetrachloride; the virus particles were concentrated from the clarified extracts either by centrifugation or precipitation with ammonium sulphate. The preparations contained particles of three sizes, all approximately 220 Å wide and ellipsoidal in outline, but about 410, 540 or 640 Å long with sedimentation coefficients (S20,w ) of 97, no and 125 respectively. The shortest particles contained least nucleic acid, and preparations containing mostly short particles were less infective than those containing mostly long ones. The particles contained ribose nucleic acid with a molar base ratio of G 20 %-A 24 %-C 28 %-U 28 %. When incubated in cold acid or alkali solutions (1 n), the virus particles formed empty rounded protein shells.
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The Effect of Azo Dyes on Myxovirus Neuraminidase and on Virus Multiplication
H. Becht and R. DrzeniekSUMMARYCongo red and trypan red inhibited Newcastle disease virus neuraminidase totally and fowl plague virus neuraminidase partially in vitro, probably by polyanionic effects. The inhibitors did not prevent viral growth when present during the adsorption period. Congo red inhibited virus release and disturbed the synthesis of haemagglutinin, but did not interfere with the formation of ribonucleoprotein antigens. Trypan red, however, had no influence on the multiplication of either virus.
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Transformation of Rat Kidney Cells by Adenovirus Type 12
More LessSUMMARYIn cultures of primary rat kidney cells numerous foci of transformed cells were observed 14 to 18 days after inoculation with adenovirus type 12. These foci were readily identified in medium containing 1·8 mm calcium. Serial lines of transformed cells could only be established in medium with a low calcium concentration. Transformation was apparent because of the altered morphology, loss of contact inhibition, oncogenicity and the presence of virus specific tumour antigen. No infectious virus could be recovered from the transformed cell lines. The induced tumour in rats had the appearance of a poorly differentiated carcinoma with occasional formation of tubules.
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Plaque Formation by Arboviruses
More LessSummaryCell lines of baby hamster kidney (BHK 21), green monkey kidney (Vero, MA 134), rhesus monkey kidney (MA 104), and rabbit kidney (MA hi) were found suitable for titration and multiplication of arboviruses. Plaque characteristics of 52 arboviruses and 20 virus strains and titres of some of them in BHK 21 and other cell lines were established, using one type of serum-free standard overlay and standard maintenance medium. However, the addition of cortisol or other compounds was necessary to prolong survival of BHK 21 cell sheets, and induce or improve plaque formation.
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Isolation of a Transmissible Agent Resembling Rubella Virus from an Apparently Healthy Human Embryo Lung Cell Culture
M. Butler and A. P. GoffeSummaryA human embryo lung tissue culture was shown to have normal karyology and growth properties but unusual sensitivity to viruses. The latter was correlated with the presence of a persistent infection with an agent resembling rubella virus. Some properties of the agent are described and the evidence that it infected the cells in utero is discussed. Comment on the possible significance of these observations is made.
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The Effect of Antineuraminidase Antibody on the Elution of Influenza Virus from Cells
Jan Brown and W. G. LaverSummaryAntibody directed against the neuraminidase of an influenza virus did not prevent attachment of the virus to red cells, but strongly inhibited elution of the virus from these cells. The virus used in these experiments had approximately 500 enzyme antigenic sites on the surface of each particle. In the presence of sufficient antibody to combine with all of these sites there was no measurable elution of virus from cells. In the presence of smaller amounts of antibody, the virus eluted slowly.
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Production of Infectious RNA and Serum-blocking Antigen by Poliovirus Temperature-sensitive Mutants
More LessSummaryPoliovirus ts mutants were cultivated at a temperature (39·6°) too high for their optimal growth but low enough to permit full growth of the parental ts + strain. Tests for production of infectious RNA and serum-blocking antigen showed a gradient of mutant productivity that corresponded closely with an earlier physiological classification of these mutants. No mutant produced fully wild-type yields of either RNA or antigen. In general, group A mutants produced the least RNA and antigen (some yields being undetectable or < 1 % of ts + values) while group D mutants produced the most (up to 88 % of ts + RNA and 27·6 % of ts + antigen). Mutants of groups B and C produced intermediate yields. Six of the mutants (all that were classified belonging to groups A or B) converted their small yield of RNA and antigen to infective virus with an efficiency not significantly different from that of wild-type virus. The remainder (thirteen mutants, most of those classified belonging to groups C or D) matured either or both their RNA and antigen inefficiently and accordingly exhibited a defect in some stage of maturation or assembly.
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 105 (2024)
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Volume 103 (2022)
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Volume 101 (2020)
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Volume 100 (2019)
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Volume 81 (2000)
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Volume 79 (1998)
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Volume 78 (1997)
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Volume 77 (1996)
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Volume 76 (1995)
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Volume 75 (1994)
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Volume 74 (1993)
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Volume 72 (1991)
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Volume 71 (1990)
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Volume 70 (1989)
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Volume 69 (1988)
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Volume 68 (1987)
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Volume 67 (1986)
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Volume 66 (1985)
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Volume 65 (1984)
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Volume 64 (1983)
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Volume 63 (1982)
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Volume 62 (1982)
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Volume 61 (1982)
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Volume 60 (1982)
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Volume 59 (1982)
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Volume 58 (1982)
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Volume 57 (1981)
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Volume 56 (1981)
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Volume 55 (1981)
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Volume 54 (1981)
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Volume 53 (1981)
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Volume 52 (1981)
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Volume 51 (1980)
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Volume 50 (1980)
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Volume 49 (1980)
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Volume 48 (1980)
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Volume 47 (1980)
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Volume 46 (1980)
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Volume 45 (1979)
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Volume 44 (1979)
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Volume 43 (1979)
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Volume 42 (1979)
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Volume 41 (1978)
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Volume 40 (1978)
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Volume 39 (1978)
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Volume 38 (1978)
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Volume 37 (1977)
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Volume 36 (1977)
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Volume 35 (1977)
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Volume 34 (1977)
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Volume 33 (1976)
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Volume 32 (1976)
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Volume 31 (1976)
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Volume 30 (1976)
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Volume 29 (1975)
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Volume 28 (1975)
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Volume 27 (1975)
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Volume 26 (1975)
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Volume 25 (1974)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1974)
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Volume 22 (1974)
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Volume 21 (1973)
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Volume 20 (1973)
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Volume 19 (1973)
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Volume 18 (1973)
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Volume 17 (1972)
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Volume 16 (1972)
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Volume 15 (1972)
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Volume 14 (1972)
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Volume 13 (1971)
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Volume 12 (1971)
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Volume 11 (1971)
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Volume 10 (1971)
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Volume 9 (1970)
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Volume 8 (1970)
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Volume 7 (1970)
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Volume 6 (1970)
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Volume 5 (1969)
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Volume 4 (1969)
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Volume 3 (1968)
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Volume 2 (1968)
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Volume 1 (1967)