1887

Abstract

(ISAV) is classified in the genus of the family . Although virulence variation of ISAV can be demonstrated experimentally in fish, virus strain identification is ambiguous because the correlates of pathogenicity and/or antigenicity of ISAV are not well defined. Thirteen ISAV isolates characterized for their ability to kill fish were used to search for markers of virulence on the virus surface glycoprotein genes; haemagglutinin-esterase (HE) and fusion (F) protein genes. A single amino acid change ND in the putative globular head of the HE protein, and a deletion/insertion of ≤13 aa with the presence of a specific motif FNT in the highly polymorphic region spanning residues V to M in the HE protein stalk, in combination with a specific motif YP very close to the trypsin-cleavage site RA/G of the precursor F protein were correlated with reduced cytopathogenicity and reduced virulence for Atlantic salmon. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the original ancestral ISAV was virulent. The virulence of the North American genotype has not changed much, whereas the European genotype evolved into two genogroups, the real-European genogroup that is still virulent and the European-in-North America genogroup, which is of lower virulence. A novel phylogenetic software program, , estimated that the North American and European genotypes diverged between 1879 and 1891, whereas the European-in-North America genogroup diverged from the real-European genogroup between 1976 and 1988. This direction of evolution supports insertion of specific motifs in the HE protein, resulting in ISAV attenuation.

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2007-11-01
2024-03-29
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