RT Journal Article SR Electronic(1) A1 Chan, Anna A1 Baird, Margaret A1 Mercer, Andrew A. A1 Fleming, Stephen B.YR 2006 T1 Maturation and function of human dendritic cells are inhibited by orf virus-encoded interleukin-10 JF Journal of General Virology, VO 87 IS 11 SP 3177 OP 3181 DO https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82238-0 PB Microbiology Society, SN 1465-2099, AB Orf virus (ORFV) is a parapoxvirus that infects sheep, goats and man. In humans, the virus induces acute, pustular skin lesions that can develop into a progressive disease. Humans are susceptible to reinfection with ORFV and rare cases of persistent infection have been reported. ORFV encodes several immunomodulators, including a homologue of interleukin-10 (ORFV IL-10), that may explain these phenomena. The immunosuppressive effects of ORFV IL-10 on immature human dendritic cells (DCs) cultured from blood-derived monocytes (MoDCs) were investigated. MoDCs exposed simultaneously to lipopolysaccharide and ORFV IL-10 showed enhanced ovalbumin–FITC uptake and reduced IL-12 expression, indicating inhibition of maturation. Moreover, ORFV IL-10 inhibited the upregulation of DC cell-surface activation and maturation markers MHC II, CD80, CD83 and CD86 and inhibited the capacity of MoDCs to activate CD4+ T cells in an oxidative mitogenesis assay. These findings suggest that ORFV IL-10 may influence the development of acquired immunity in humans by impairing DC function., UL https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.82238-0