RT Journal Article SR Electronic(1) A1 Narayan, Ramamurthy A1 Buronfosse, Thierry A1 Schultz, Ursula A1 Chevallier-Gueyron, Philippe A1 Guerret, Sylviane A1 Chevallier, Michelle A1 Saade, Fadi A1 Ndeboko, Benedicte A1 Trepo, Christian A1 Zoulim, Fabien A1 Cova, LucynaYR 2006 T1 Rise in gamma interferon expression during resolution of duck hepatitis B virus infection JF Journal of General Virology, VO 87 IS 11 SP 3225 OP 3232 DO https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82170-0 PB Microbiology Society, SN 1465-2099, AB Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) expression plays a crucial role in the control of mammalian hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the role of duck INF-γ (DuIFN-γ) in the outcome of duck HBV (DHBV) infection, a reference model for hepadnavirus replication studies, has not yet been investigated. This work explored the dynamics of DuIFN-γ expression in liver and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during resolution of DHBV infection in adolescent ducks in relation to serum and liver markers of virus replication, histological changes and humoral response induction. DHBV infection of 3-week-old ducks resulted in transient expression of intrahepatic preS protein (days 3–14) and mild histological changes. Low-level viraemia was detected only during the first 10 days of infection and was accompanied by early anti-preS antibody response induction. Importantly, a strong increase in intrahepatic DuIFN-γ RNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR at days 6–14, which coincided with a sharp decrease in both viral DNA and preS protein in the liver. Interestingly, liver DuIFN-γ expression remained augmented to the end of the follow-up period (day 66) and correlated with portal lymphocyte infiltration and persistence of trace quantities of intrahepatic DHBV DNA in animals that had apparently completely resolved the infection. Moreover, in infected ducks, a moderate increase was detected in the levels of DuIFN-γ in PBMCs (days 12–14), which coincided with the peak in liver DuIFN-γ RNA levels. These data reveal that increased DuIFN-γ expression in liver and PBMCs is concomitant with viral clearance, characterizing the resolution of infection, and provide new insights into the host–virus interactions that control DHBV infection., UL https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.82170-0