The bovine herpesvirus 1 gene encoding infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) can inhibit interferon-dependent transcription in the absence of other viral genes
The infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) encoded by Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) stimulates viral gene expression and productive infection. As bICP0 is expressed constitutively during productive infection, it is considered to be the major viral regulatory protein. Like other alphaherpesvirus ICP0 homologues, bICP0 contains a zinc RING finger near its N terminus that activates transcription and regulates subcellular localization. In this study, evidence is provided that bICP0 represses the human beta interferon (IFN-β) promoter and a simple promoter with consensus IFN-stimulated response elements following stimulation with double-stranded RNA (polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid), IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) or IRF7. bICP0 also inhibits the ability of two protein kinases (TBK1 and IKKε) to activate IFN-β promoter activity. The zinc RING finger is necessary for inhibiting IFN-dependent transcription in certain cell types. Collectively, these studies suggest that bICP0 activates productive infection by stimulating viral gene expression and inhibiting IFN-dependent transcription.
AbrilC.,
EngelsM.,
LimanA.,
HilbeM.,
AlbiniS.,
FranchiniM.,
SuterM.,
AckermannM.2004; Both viral and host factors contribute to neurovirulence of bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 in interferon receptor-deficient mice. J Virol 78:3644–3653[CrossRef]
BratanichA. C.,
JonesC. J.1992; Localization of cis -acting sequences in the latency-related promoter of bovine herpesvirus 1 which are regulated by neuronal cell type factors and immediate-early genes. J Virol 66:6099–6106
DevireddyL. R.,
JonesC. J.1999; Activation of caspases and p53 by bovine herpesvirus 1 infection results in programmed cell death and efficient virus release. J Virol 73:3778–3788
EverettR. D.1987; A detailed mutational analysis of Vmw110, a trans -acting transcriptional activator encoded by herpes simplex virus type 1. EMBO J 6:2069–2076
EverettR. D.,
BarlowP.,
MilnerA.,
LuisiB.,
OrrA.,
HopeG.,
LyonD.1993; A novel arrangement of zinc-binding residues and secondary structure in the C3HC4 motif of an alpha herpes virus protein family. J Mol Biol 234:1038–1047[CrossRef]
EverettR. D.,
MeredithM.,
OrrA.,
CrossA.,
KathoriaM.,
ParkinsonJ.1997; A novel ubiquitin-specific protease is dynamically associated with the PML nuclear domain and binds to a herpesvirus regulatory protein. EMBO J 16:1519–1530[CrossRef]
EverettR. D.,
EarnshawW. C.,
FindlayJ.,
LomonteP.1999a; Specific destruction of kinetochore protein CENP-C and disruption of cell division by herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein Vmw110. EMBO J 18:1526–1538[CrossRef]
EverettR. D.,
LomonteP.,
SternsdorfT.,
van DrielR.,
OrrA.1999b; Cell cycle regulation of PML modification and ND10 composition. J Cell Sci 112:4581–4588
FitzgeraldK. A.,
McWhirterS. M.,
FaiaK. L.,
RoweD. C.,
LatzE.,
GolenbockD. T.,
CoyleA. J.,
LiaoS.-M.,
ManiatisT.2003; IKK ε and TBK1 are essential components of the IRF3 signaling pathway. Nat Immunol 4:491–496
GeiserV.,
JonesC.2003; Stimulation of bovine herpesvirus-1 productive infection by the adenovirus E1A gene and a cell cycle regulatory gene, E2F-4. J Gen Virol 84:929–938[CrossRef]
HamamoriY.,
SartorelliV.,
OgryzkoV.,
PuriP. L.,
WuH.-Y.,
WangJ. Y. J.,
NakataniY.,
KedesL.1999; Regulation of histone acetyltransferases p300 and PCAF by the bHLH protein twist and adenoviral oncoprotein E1A. Cell 96:405–413[CrossRef]
HendersonG.,
ZhangY.,
InmanM.,
JonesD.,
JonesC.2004; Infected cell protein 0 encoded by bovine herpesvirus 1 can activate caspase 3 when overexpressed in transfected cells. J Gen Virol 85:3511–3516[CrossRef]
HondaK.,
YanaiH.,
NegishiH.8 other authors2005; IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses. Nature 434:772–777[CrossRef]
InmanM.,
ZhangY.,
GeiserV.,
JonesC.2001; The zinc ring finger in the bICP0 protein encoded by bovine herpesvirus-1 mediates toxicity and activates productive infection. J Gen Virol 82:483–492
JonesC.,
DelhonG.,
BratanichA.,
KutishG.,
RockD.1990; Analysis of the transcriptional promoter which regulates the latency-related transcript of bovine herpesvirus 1. J Virol 64:1164–1170
LinR.,
NoyceR. S.,
CollinsS. E.,
EverettR. D.,
MossmanK. L.2004; The herpes simplex virus ICP0 RING finger domain inhibits IRF3- and IRF7-mediated activation of interferon-stimulated genes. J Virol 78:1675–1684[CrossRef]
MaulG. G.,
EverettR. D.1994; The nuclear location of PML, a cellular member of the C3HC4 zinc-binding domain protein family, is rearranged during herpes simplex virus infection by the C3HC4 viral protein ICP0. J Gen Virol 75:1223–1233[CrossRef]
PengW.,
HendersonG.,
InmanM.,
BenMohamedL.,
PerngG.-C.,
WechslerS. L.,
JonesC.2005; The locus encompassing the latency-associated transcript of herpes simplex virus type 1 interferes with and delays interferon expression in productively infected neuroblastoma cells and trigeminal ganglia of acutely infected mice. J Virol 79:6162–6171[CrossRef]
PetersG. A.,
KhooD.,
MohrI.,
SenG. C.2002; Inhibition of PACT-mediated activation of PKR by the herpes simplex virus type 1 Us11 protein. J Virol 76:11054–11064[CrossRef]
SharmaS.,
tenOeverB. R.,
GrandvauxN.,
ZhouG.-P.,
LinR.,
HiscottJ.2003; Triggering the interferon antiviral response through an IKK-related pathway. Science 300:1148–1151[CrossRef]
ZhangY.,
JonesC.2001; The bovine herpesvirus 1 immediate-early protein (bICP0) associates with histone deacetylase 1 to activate transcription. J Virol 75:9571–9578[CrossRef]
ZhangY.,
ZhouJ.,
JonesC.2005; Identification of functional domains within the bICP0 protein encoded by bovine herpesvirus 1. J Gen Virol 86:879–886[CrossRef]
The bovine herpesvirus 1 gene encoding infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) can inhibit interferon-dependent transcription in the absence of other viral genes