1887

Journal of General Virology header logo

Volume 86, Issue 7

Gene-expression profiling of Free

Abstract

, type species of the genus in the family , is a large, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus that infects crustaceans. The genome of the completely sequenced isolate WSSV-TH encodes 184 putative open reading frames (ORFs), the functions of which are largely unknown. To study the transcription of these ORFs, a DNA microarray was constructed, containing probes corresponding to nearly all putative WSSV-TH ORFs. Transcripts of 79 % of these ORFs could be detected in the gills of WSSV-infected shrimp (). Clustering of the transcription profiles of the individual genes during infection showed two major classes of genes: the first class reached maximal expression at 20 h post-infection (p.i.) (putative early) and the other class at 2 days p.i. (putative late). Nearly all major and minor structural virion-protein genes clustered in the latter group. These data provide evidence that, similar to other large, dsDNA viruses, the WSSV genes at large are expressed in a coordinated and cascaded fashion. Furthermore, the transcriptomes of the WSSV isolates WSSV-TH and TH-96-II, which have differential virulence, were compared at 2 days p.i. The TH-96-II genome encodes 10 ORFs that are not present in WSSV-TH, of which at least seven were expressed in as well as in crayfish (), suggesting a functional but not essential role for these genes during infection. Expression levels of most other ORFs shared by both isolates were similar. Evaluation of transcription profiles by using a genome-wide approach provides a better understanding of WSSV transcription regulation and a new tool to study WSSV gene function.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
SGM
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80895-0
2005-07-01
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/86/7/vir862081.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80895-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Birnstiel M. L., Busslinger M., Strub K. 1985; Transcription termination and 3′ processing: the end is in site!. Cell 41:349–359 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Cai S. L., Huang J., Wang C. M., Song X. L., Sun X., Yu J., Zhang Y., Yang C. H. 1995; Epidemiological studies on the explosive epidemic disease of prawn in 1993-1994. J Fish China 19:112–117
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Chambers J., Angulo A., Amaratunga D. 9 other authors 1999; DNA microarrays of the complex human cytomegalovirus genome: profiling kinetic class with drug sensitivity of viral gene expression. J Virol 73:5757–5766
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Chen L.-L., Leu J.-H., Huang C.-J., Chou C.-M., Chen S.-M., Wang C.-H., Lo C.-F., Kou G.-H. 2002a; Identification of a nucleocapsid protein (VP35) gene of shrimp white spot syndrome virus and characterization of the motif important for targeting VP35 to the nuclei of transfected insect cells. Virology 293:44–53 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Chen L.-L., Wang H.-C., Huang C.-J. 9 other authors 2002b; Transcriptional analysis of the DNA polymerase gene of shrimp white spot syndrome virus. Virology 301:136–147 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Dieu B. T. M., Marks H., Siebenga J. J., Goldbach R. W., Zuidema D., Duong T. P., Vlak J. M. 2004; Molecular epidemiology of white spot syndrome virus within Vietnam. J Gen Virol 85:3607–3618 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Ebrahimi B., Dutia B. M., Roberts K. L., Garcia-Ramirez J. J., Dickinson P., Stewart J. P., Ghazal P., Roy D. J., Nash A. A. 2003; Transcriptome profile of murine gammaherpesvirus-68 lytic infection. J Gen Virol 84:99–109 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Flegel T. W. 1997; Major viral diseases of the black tiger prawn ( Penaeus monodon ) in Thailand. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 13:433–442 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Friesen P. D. 1997; Regulation of baculovirus early gene expression. In The Baculoviruses pp  141–170 Edited by Miller L. K. New York: Plenum;
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Guarino L. A., Summers M. D. 1986; Functional mapping of a trans -activating gene required for expression of a baculovirus delayed-early gene. J Virol 57:563–571
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Huang C., Zhang X., Lin Q., Xu X., Hu Z., Hew C.-L. 2002; Proteomic analysis of shrimp white spot syndrome viral proteins and characterization of a novel envelope protein VP466. Mol Cell Proteomics 1:223–231 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Iwanaga M., Takaya K., Katsuma S., Ote M., Tanaka S., Kamita S. G., Kang W., Shimada T., Kobayashi M. 2004; Expression profiling of baculovirus genes in permissive and nonpermissive cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 323:599–614 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Khadijah S., Neo S. Y., Hossain M. S., Miller L. D., Mathavan S., Kwang J. 2003; Identification of white spot syndrome virus latency-related genes in specific-pathogen-free shrimps by use of a microarray. J Virol 77:10162–10167 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Kool M., van den Berg P. M. M. M., Tramper J., Goldbach R. W., Vlak J. M. 1993; Location of two putative origins of DNA replication of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Virology 192:94–101 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Li Q., Chen Y., Yang F. 2004a; Identification of a collagen-like protein gene from white spot syndrome virus. Arch Virol 149:215–223 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Li Q., Pan D., Zhang J.-H., Yang F. 2004b; Identification of the thymidylate synthase within the genome of white spot syndrome virus. J Gen Virol 85:2035–2044 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Lightner D. V. 1996 A Handbook of Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures for Diseases of Penaeid Shrimp (Special Publication of the World Aquaculture Society Baton Rouge, LA: World Aquaculture Society;
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Liu W.-J., Yu H.-T., Peng S.-E. 10 other authors 2001; Cloning, characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of a shrimp white spot syndrome virus gene that encodes a protein kinase. Virology 289:362–377 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Lo C. F., Wu J. L., Chang Y. S., Wang H. C., Tsai J. M., Kou G. H. 2004; Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of white spot syndrome virus. In Current Trends in the Study of Bacterial and Viral Fish and Shrimp Diseases pp  155–188 Edited by Leung K. Y. Singapore: World Scientific;
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Lu A., Miller L. K. 1997; Regulation of baculovirus late and very late gene expression. In The Baculoviruses pp  193–216 Edited by Miller L. K. New York: Plenum;
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Luke K., Radek A., Liu X., Campbell J., Uzan M., Haselkorn R., Kogan Y. 2002; Microarray analysis of gene expression during bacteriophage T4 infection. Virology 299:182–191 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Marks H., Mennens M., Vlak J. M., van Hulten M. C. W. 2003; Transcriptional analysis of the white spot syndrome virus major virion protein genes. J Gen Virol 84:1517–1523 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Marks H., Goldbach R. W., Vlak J. M., van Hulten M. C. W. 2004; Genetic variation among isolates of White spot syndrome virus . Arch Virol 149:673–697 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Marks H., van Duijse J. J. A., Zuidema D., van Hulten M. C. W., Vlak J. M. 2005; Fitness and virulence of an ancestral white spot syndrome virus isolate from shrimp. Virus Res 110:9–20 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Mayo M. A. 2002; A summary of taxonomic changes recently approved by ICTV. Arch Virol 147:1655–1663 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Paulose-Murphy M., Ha N.-K., Xiang C. S. 7 other authors 2001; Transcription program of human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus). J Virol 75:4843–4853 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Possee R. D., Rohrmann G. F. 1997; Baculovirus genome organization and evolution. In The Baculoviruses pp  109–140 Edited by Miller L. K. New York: Plenum;
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Raddatz G., Dehio M., Meyer T. F., Dehio C. 2001; PrimeArray: genome-scale primer design for DNA-microarray construction. Bioinformatics 17:98–99 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Rosenberry B. 2002 World Shrimp Farming 2002 (Shrimp News International no. 15) San Diego, CA: Shrimp News International;
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Sheets M. D., Ogg S. C., Wickens M. P. 1990; Point mutations in AAUAAA and the poly (A) addition site: effects on the accuracy and efficiency of cleavage and polyadenylation in vitro . Nucleic Acids Res 18:5799–5805 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Stingley S. W., Ramirez J. J. G., Aguilar S. A., Simmen K., Sandri-Goldin R. M., Ghazal P., Wagner E. K. 2000; Global analysis of herpes simplex virus type 1 transcription using an oligonucleotide-based DNA microarray. J Virol 74:9916–9927 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Tsai M.-F., Lo C.-F., van Hulten M. C. W. 7 other authors 2000a; Transcriptional analysis of the ribonucleotide reductase genes of shrimp white spot syndrome virus. Virology 277:92–99 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Tsai M.-F., Yu H.-T., Tzeng H.-F. 7 other authors 2000b; Identification and characterization of a shrimp white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) gene that encodes a novel chimeric polypeptide of cellular-type thymidine kinase and thymidylate kinase. Virology 277:100–110 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Tsai J.-M., Wang H.-C., Leu J.-H., Hsiao H.-H., Wang A. H.-J., Kou G.-H., Lo C.-F. 2004; Genomic and proteomic analysis of thirty-nine structural proteins of shrimp white spot syndrome virus. J Virol 78:11360–11370 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  35. van Hulten M. C. W., Witteveldt J., Peters S., Kloosterboer N., Tarchini R., Fiers M., Sandbrink H., Klein Lankhorst R., Vlak J. M. 2001a; The white spot syndrome virus DNA genome sequence. Virology 286:7–22 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  36. van Hulten M. C. W., Witteveldt J., Snippe M., Vlak J. M. 2001b; White spot syndrome virus envelope protein VP28 is involved in the systemic infection of shrimp. Virology 285:228–233 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Wang Y.-C., Lo C.-F., Chang P.-S., Kou G.-H. 1998; Experimental infection of white spot baculovirus in some cultured and wild decapods in Taiwan. Aquaculture 164:221–231 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Wang Z., Hu L., Yi G., Xu H., Qi Y., Yao L. 2004; ORF390 of white spot syndrome virus genome is identified as a novel anti-apoptosis gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 325:899–907 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Yamagishi J., Isobe R., Takebuchi T., Bando H. 2003; DNA microarrays of baculovirus genomes: differential expression of viral genes in two susceptible insect cell lines. Arch Virol 148:587–597 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Yang F., He J., Lin X. H., Li Q., Pan D., Zhang X., Xu X. 2001; Complete genome sequence of the shrimp white spot bacilliform virus. J Virol 75:11811–11820 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80895-0
Loading
Gene-expression profiling of White spot syndrome virus in vivo
J. Gen. Virol. 86, 2081 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80895-0
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80895-0
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80895-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error