RT Journal Article SR Electronic(1) A1 Bergmeier, Lesley A. A1 Babaahmady, Kaboutar A1 Wang, Yufei A1 Lehner, ThomasYR 2005 T1 Mucosal alloimmunization elicits T-cell proliferation, CC chemokines, CCR5 antibodies and inhibition of simian immunodeficiency virus infectivity JF Journal of General Virology, VO 86 IS 8 SP 2231 OP 2238 DO https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80802-0 PB Microbiology Society, SN 1465-2099, AB The hypothesis was tested that mucosal stimulation with unmatched mononuclear cells would induce systemic alloimmune responses. Rectal or vaginal mucosal administration of 104–107 unmatched mononuclear cells induced significant dose-dependent T-cell proliferation stimulated by the allogeneic cells in rhesus macaques. This was associated with a significant upregulation of CD8+ T-cell-derived suppressor factor, as well as the CC chemokines CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5. In addition, there was a dose-dependent increase in antibodies to CCR5. These responses were associated with decreased in vitro simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infectivity of CD4+ T cells. A further investigation of SIV infectivity of CD4+ T cells separated from multiparous macaques also showed significant inhibition compared with male macaques. It is suggested that vaginal or rectal exposure to allogeneic stimulation by a partner's HLA antigens in seminal fluid, as occurs during sexual intercourse, or immunization by semi-allogeneic fetuses in multiparous females may elicit protection against SIV or human immunodeficiency virus infection., UL https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80802-0