1887

Abstract

The small (S) coat protein of (CPMV) has been identified previously as a virus-encoded suppressor of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Deletions within the C-terminal 24 aa of this protein affect the yield and systemic spread of the virus, suggesting that the C-terminal amino acids of the S protein, which are exposed on the surface of assembled virus particles, may be responsible for the suppressor activity. To investigate this, versions of CPMV RNA-2 with deletions at the C terminus of the S protein were tested for their ability to counteract PTGS in leaf-patch tests. The results showed that the C-terminal 16 aa of the S protein are particularly important for suppressing PTGS and that these amino acids are virus-specific and cannot be substituted by the equivalent sequence from the related virus .

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80454-0
2004-11-01
2024-12-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/85/11/vir853431.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80454-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Brigneti G., Voinnet O., Li W. X., Ji L. H., Ding S. W., Baulcombe D. C. 1998; Viral pathogenicity determinants are suppressors of transgene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana . EMBO J 17:6739–6746 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Dalmay T., Hamilton A., Rudd S., Angell S., Baulcombe D. C. 2000; An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene in Arabidopsis is required for post-transcriptional gene silencing mediated by a transgene but not by a virus. Cell 101:543–553 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Dessens J. T., Lomonossoff G. P. 1993; Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter-controlled DNA copies of cowpea mosaic virus RNAs are infectious. J Gen Virol 74:889–892 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. de Varennes A., Maule A. J. 1985; Independent replication of cowpea mosaic virus bottom component RNA: in vivo instability of the viral RNAs. Virology 144:495–501 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Hamilton A., Voinnet O., Chappell L., Baulcombe D. 2002; Two classes of short interfering RNA in RNA silencing. EMBO J 21:4671–4679 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Himber C., Dunoyer P., Moissiard G., Ritzenthaler C., Voinnet O. 2003; Transitivity-dependent and -independent cell-to-cell movement of RNA silencing. EMBO J 22:4523–4533 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Johansen L. K., Carrington J. C. 2001; Silencing on the spot. Induction and suppression of RNA silencing in the Agrobacterium -mediated transient expression system. Plant Physiol 126:930–938 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Lin T., Johnson J. E. 2003; Structures of picorna-like plant viruses: implications and applications. Adv Virus Res 62:167–239
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Liu L., Lomonossoff G. P. 2002; Agroinfection as a rapid method for propagating Cowpea mosaic virus -based constructs. J Virol Methods 105:343–348 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Liu L., Grainger J., Cañizares M. C., Angell S. M., Lomonossoff G. P. 2004; Cowpea mosaic virus RNA-1 acts as an amplicon whose effects can be counteracted by a RNA-2-encoded suppressor of silencing. Virology 323:37–48 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Qu F., Ren T., Morris T. J. 2003; The coat protein of turnip crinkle virus suppresses posttranscriptional gene silencing at an early initiation step. J Virol 77:511–522 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Sijen T., Fleenor J., Simmer F., Thijssen K. L., Parrish S., Timmons L., Plasterk R. H. A., Fire A. 2001; On the role of RNA amplification in dsRNA-triggered gene silencing. Cell 107:465–476 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Silhavy D., Burgyan J. 2004; Effects and side-effects of viral RNA silencing suppressors on short RNAs. Trends Plant Sci 9:76–83
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Silhavy D., Molnar A., Lucioli A., Szittya G., Hornyik C., Tavaza M., Burgyan J. 2002; A viral protein suppresses RNA silencing and binds silencing-generated, 21- to 25-nucleotide double-stranded RNAs. EMBO J 21:3070–3080 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Tang G., Reinhart B. J., Bartel D., Zamore P. D. 2003; A biochemical framework for RNA silencing in plants. Genes Dev 17:49–63 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Taylor K. M. 1997; Structure-based refinement of peptide presentation on the surface of cowpea mosaic virus . PhD thesis University of East Anglia, UK;
  17. Taylor K. M., Spall V. E., Butler P. J. G., Lomonossoff G. P. 1999; The cleavable carboxyl-terminus of the small coat protein of cowpea mosaic virus is involved in RNA encapsidation. Virology 255:129–137 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Thomas C. L., Leh V., Lederer C., Maule A. J. 2003; Turnip crinkle virus coat protein mediates suppression of RNA silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana . Virology 306:33–41 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Vaistij F. E., Jones L., Baulcombe D. C. 2002; Spreading of RNA targeting and DNA methylation in RNA silencing requires transcription of the target gene and a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Plant Cell 14:857–867 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. van Engelen F. A., Moltoff J. W., Conner A. J., Nap J.-P., Pereira A., Stiekema W. J. 1995; pBINPLUS: an improved plant transformation vector based on pBIN19. . Transgenic Res 4:288–290 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Voinnet O. 2001; RNA silencing as a plant immune system against viruses. Trends Genet 17:449–459 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Voinnet O., Pinto Y. M., Baulcombe D. C. 1999; Suppression of gene silencing: a general strategy used by diverse DNA and RNA viruses of plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:14147–14152 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Voinnet O., Lederer C., Baulcombe D. C. 2000; A viral movement protein prevents spread of the silencing signal in Nicotiana benthamiana . Cell 103:157–167 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Zilberman D., Cao X., Jacobsen S. E. 2003; ARGONAUTE4 control of locus-specific siRNA accumulation and DNA and histone methylation. Science 299:716–719 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80454-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.80454-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error