1887

Abstract

A surveillance of human, porcine and bovine rotaviruses was carried out in Slovenia in 2004 and 2005. Stool samples were collected from a total of 406 pigs (373 from asymptomatic animals), 132 cattle (126 from asymptomatic animals) and 241 humans (all with diarrhoea), tested for group A rotaviruses using RT-PCR and analysed by sequencing. The aims of the study were to determine the incidence of asymptomatic rotavirus infection in animals, to look for evidence of zoonotic transmission and to detect reassortment among rotaviruses. The rates of asymptomatic shedding of rotaviruses in pigs and cattle were 18.0 % (67/373) and 4.0 % (5/126), respectively. Evidence for zoonotic transmission was detected in one human rotavirus strain, SI-MB6, with the G3P[6] genotype combination, as the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the VP6, VP7, VP8* and NSP4 genes of strain SI-MB6 and of porcine strains showed high nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity. Two porcine rotavirus strains carried VP7 of probable human origin, suggesting an interspecies reassortment event in the past.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.2008/001206-0
2008-07-01
2024-12-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/89/7/1690.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.2008/001206-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Arista S., Vizzi E., Alaimo C., Palermo D., Cascio A. 1999; Identification of human rotavirus strains with the P[14] genotype by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 37:2706–2708
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Barreiros M. A. B., Alfieri A. A., Alfieri A. F., Médici K. C., Leite J. P. G. 2003; An outbreak of diarrhoea in one-week-old piglets caused by group A rotavirus genotypes P[7],G3 and P[7],G5. Vet Res Commun 27:505–512 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bohl E. H., Theil K. W., Saif L. J. 1984; Isolation and serotyping of porcine rotaviruses and antigenic comparison with other rotaviruses. J Clin Microbiol 19:105–111
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Cook N., Bridger J., Kendall K., Iturriza-Gomara M., El-Attar L., Gray J. 2004; The zoonotic potential of rotavirus. J Infect 48:289–302 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Cunliffe N. A., Woods P. A., Leite J. P. G., Das B. K., Ramachandran M., Bhan M. K., Hart C. A., Glass R. I., Gentsch J. R. 1997; Sequence analysis of NSP4 gene of human rotavirus allows classification into two main genetic groups. J Med Virol 53:41–50 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Estes M. K. 2001; Rotaviruses and their replication. In Fields Virology , 4th edn. vol 2 pp 1747–1785Edited by Knipe D. M., Howley P. M., Griffin D. E., Lamb R. A., Martin M. A., Roizman B., Straus S. E. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Falcone E., Tarantino M., Di Trani L., Cordioli P., Lavazza A., Tollis M. 1999; Determination of bovine rotavirus G and P serotypes in Italy by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 37:3879–3882
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Gatti M. S. V., Ferraz M. M. G., Rácz M. L., de Castro A. F. P. 1993; Rotavirus excretion in naturally infected pigs with and without diarrhoea. Vet Microbiol 37:187–190 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Gentsch J. R., Glass R. I., Woods P., Gouvea V., Gorziglia M., Flores J., Das B. K., Bhan M. K. 1992; Identification of group A rotavirus gene 4 types by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 30:1365–1373
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Gentsch J. R., Laird A. R., Bielfeld B., Griffin D. D., Bányai K., Ramachandran M., Jain V., Cunliffe N. A., Nakagomi O. other authors 2005; Serotype diversity and reassortment between human and animal rotavirus strains: implications for rotavirus vaccine programs. J Infect Dis 192:S146–S159 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Ghosh S., Varghese V., Samajdar S., Sinha M., Naik T. N., Kobayashi N. 2007; Evidence for bovine origin of VP4 and VP7 genes of human group A rotavirus G6P[14] and G10P[14] strains. J Clin Microbiol 45:2751–2753 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Gouvea V., Glass R. I., Woods P., Taniguchi K., Clark H. F., Forrester B., Fang Z. Y. 1990; Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus nucleic acid from stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol 28:276–282
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Gouvea V., Santos N., Timenetsky M. C. 1994; Identification of bovine and porcine rotavirus G types by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 32:1338–1340
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Hoshino Y., Jones R. W., Kapikian A. Z. 2002; Characterization of neutralization specificities of outer capsid spike protein VP4 of selected murine, lapine, and human rotavirus strains. Virology 299:64–71 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Iturriza-Gómara M., Isherwood B., Desselberger U., Gray J. 2001; Reassortment in vivo: driving force for diversity of human rotavirus strains isolated in the United Kingdom between 1995 and 1999. J Virol 75:3696–3705 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Iturriza-Gómara M., Wong C., Blome S., Desselberger U., Gray J. 2002; Molecular characterization of VP6 genes of human rotavirus isolates: correlation of genogroups with subgroups and evidence of independent segregation. J Virol 76:6596–6601 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Iturriza-Gómara M., Desselberger U., Gray J. 2003a; Molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses: genetic mechanisms associated with diversity. In Viral Gastroenteritis pp 317–344Edited by Desselberger U., Gray J. Amsterdam: Elsevier;
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Iturriza-Gómara M., Anderton E., Kang G., Gallimore C., Phillips W., Desselberger U., Gray J. 2003b; Evidence for genetic linkage between the gene segments encoding NSP4 and VP6 proteins in common and reassortant human rotavirus strains. J Clin Microbiol 41:3566–3573 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Khamrin P., Maneekarn N., Peerakome S., Yagyu F., Okitsu S., Ushijima H. 2006; Molecular characterization of a rare G3P[3] human rotavirus reassortant strain reveals evidence for multiple human–animal interspecies transmissions. J Med Virol 78:986–994 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Khamrin P., Maneekarn N., Peerakome S., Chan-it W., Yagyu F., Okitsu S., Ushijima H. 2007; Novel porcine rotavirus of genotype P[27] shares new phylogenetic lineage with G2 porcine rotavirus strain. Virology 361:243–252 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kumar S., Tamura K., Nei M. 2004; mega3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform 5:150–163 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Liprandi F., Gerder M., Bastidas Z., Lopez J. A., Pujol F. H., Ludert J. E., Joelsson D. B., Ciarlet M. 2003; A novel type of VP4 carried by a porcine rotavirus strain. Virology 315:373–378 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Martella V., Ciarlet M., Camarda A., Pratelli A., Tempesta M., Greco G., Cavalli A., Elia G., Decaro N. other authors 2003; Molecular characterization of the VP4, VP6, VP7 and NSP4 genes of lapine rotaviruses identified in Italy: emergence of a novel VP4 genotype. Virology 314:358–370 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Martella V., Ciarlet M., Bányai K., Lorusso E., Cavalli A., Corrente M., Elia G., Arista S., Camero M. other authors 2006a; Identification of a novel VP4 genotype carried by a serotype G5 porcine rotavirus strain. Virology 346:301–311 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Martella V., Bányai K., Ciarlet M., Iturriza-Gómara M., Lorusso E., De Grazia S., Arista S., Decaro N., Elia G. other authors 2006b; Relationships among porcine and human P[6] rotaviruses: evidence that the different human P[6] lineages have originated from multiple interspecies transmission events. Virology 344:509–519 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Martella V., Ciarlet M., Banyai K., Lorusso E., Arista S., Lavazza A., Pezzotti G., Decaro N., Cavalli A. other authors 2007; Identification of group A porcine rotavirus strains bearing a novel VP4 (P) genotype in Italian swine herds. J Clin Microbiol 45:577–580 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Mascarenhas J. D. P., Leite J. P. G., Lima J. C., Heinemann M. B., Oliveira D. S., Araújo I. T., Soares L. S., Gusmao R. H. P., Gabbay Y. B., Linhares A. C. 2007; Detection of a neonatal human rotavirus strain with VP4 and NSP4 genes of porcine origin. J Med Microbiol 56:524–532 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Matthijnssens J., Rahman M., Yang X., Delbeke T., Arijs I., Kabue J. P., Muyembe J. J. T., Van Ranst M. 2006a; G8 rotavirus strains isolated in the Democratic Republic of Congo belong to the DS-1-like genogroup. J Clin Microbiol 44:1801–1809 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Matthijnssens J., Rahman M., Martella V., Xuelei Y., De Vos S., De Leener K., Ciarlet M., Buonavoglia C., Van Ranst M. 2006b; Full genomic analysis of human rotavirus strain B4106 and lapine rotavirus strain 30/96 provides evidence for interspecies transmission. J Virol 80:3801–3810 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. McNeal M. M., Sestak K., Choi A. H.-C., Basu M., Cole M. J., Aye P. P., Bohm R. P., Ward R. L. 2005; Development of a rotavirus-shedding model in rhesus macaques, using a homologous wild-type rotavirus of a new P genotype. J Virol 79:944–954 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Midthun K., Valdesuso J., Hoshino Y., Flores J., Kapikian A. Z., Chanock R. M. 1987; Analysis by RNA–RNA hybridization assay of intertypic rotaviruses suggests that gene reassortment occurs in vivo. J Clin Microbiol 25:295–300
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Myers L. L., Firehammer B. D., Border M. M., Shoop D. S. 1984; Prevalence of enteric pathogens in the feces of healthy beef calves. Am J Vet Res 45:1544–1548
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Palombo E. A. 2002; Genetic analysis of group A rotaviruses: evidence for interspecies transmission of rotavirus genes. Virus Genes 24:11–20 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Parashar U. D., Bresee J. S., Gentsch J. R., Glass R. I. 1998; Rotavirus. Emerg Infect Dis 4:561–570 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Parashar U. D., Hummelman E. G., Bresee J. S., Miller M. A., Glass R. I. 2003; Global illness and deaths caused by rotavirus disease in children. Emerg Infect Dis 9:565–571 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Parra G. I., Vidales G., Gomez J. A., Fernandez F. M., Parreno V., Bok K. 2007a; Phylogenetic analysis of porcine rotavirus in Argentina: increasing diversity of G4 strains and evidence of interspecies transmission. Vet Microbiol 126:243–250
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Parra G. I., Galeano M. E., Arbiza J. 2007b; Genetic relationship between porcine rotavirus strains bearing a new P-type. Vet Microbiol 125:193–195 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Rahman M., Matthijnssens J., Nahar S., Podder G., Sack D. A., Azim T., Van Rasnt M. 2005; Characterization of a novel P[25], G11 human group A rotavirus. J Clin Microbiol 43:3208–3212 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Rao C. D., Gowda K., Yugandhar Reddy B. S. 2000; Sequence analysis of VP4 and VP7 genes of nontypable strains identifies a new pair of outer capsid proteins representing novel P and G genotypes in bovine rotaviruses. Virology 276:104–113 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Snodgrass D. R., Fitzgerald T., Campbell I., Scott F. M. M., Browning G. F., Miller D. L., Herring A. J., Greenberg H. B. 1990; Rotavirus serotypes 6 and 10 predominate in cattle. J Clin Microbiol 28:504–507
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Steele A. D., Geyer A., Gerdes G. H. 2004; Rotavirus infections. In Infectious Diseases of Livestock , 2nd edn. pp 1256–1264Edited by Coetzer J. A. W., Tustin. Cape Town: Oxford University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Steyer A., Poljšak-Prijatelj M., Barlič-Maganja D., Bufon T., Marin J. 2005; The emergence of rotavirus genotype G9 in hospitalised children in Slovenia. J Clin Virol 33:7–11 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Steyer A., Poljšak-Prijatelj M., Barlič-Maganja D., Jamnikar U., Zimšek Mijovski J., Marin J. 2007a; Molecular characterization of a new porcine rotavirus P genotype found in asymptomatic pig in Slovenia. Virology 359:275–282 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Steyer A., Poljšak-Prijatelj M., Lužnik Bufon T., Marčun-Varda N., Marin J. 2007b; Rotavirus genotypes in Slovenia: unexpected detection of G8P[8] and G12P[8] genotypes. J Med Virol 79:626–632 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Tang B., Gilbert J. M., Matsui S. M., Greenberg H. B. 1997; Comparison of the rotavirus gene 6 from different species by sequence analysis and localization of subgroup-specific epitopes using site-directed mutagenesis. Virology 237:89–96 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Tcheremenskaia O., Marucci G., De Petris S., Ruggeri F. M., Dovecar D., Sternak S. L., Matyasova I., Dhimolea M. K., Mladenova Z. other authors 2007; Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus in central and southeastern Europe. J Clin Microbiol 45:2197–2204 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Thompson J. D., Gibson T. J., Plewniak F., Jeanmougin F., Higgins D. G. 1997; The clustal_x Windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  48. van der Heide R., Koopmans M. P. G., Shekary N., Houwers D. J., van Duynhoven Y. T. H. P., van der Poel W. H. M. 2005; Molecular characterizations of human and animal group A rotaviruses in The Netherlands. J Clin Microbiol 43:669–675 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Varghese V., Das S., Singh N. B., Kojima K., Bhattacharya S. K., Krishnan T., Kobayashi N., Naik T. N. 2004; Molecular characterization of a human rotavirus reveals porcine characteristics in most of the genes including VP6 and NSP4. Arch Virol 149:155–172
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Wieler L. H., Ilieff A., Herbst W., Bauer C., Vieler E., Bauerfeind R., Failing K., Klös H., Wengert D. other authors 2001; Prevalence of enteropathogens in suckling and weaned piglets with diarrhoea in southern Germany. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 48:151–159 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Winiarczyk S., Paul P. S., Mummidi S., Panek R., Gradzki Z. 2002; Survey of porcine rotavirus G and P genotype in Poland and the United States using RT-PCR. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 49:373–378 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.2008/001206-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.2008/001206-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error