Measles virus (MV) infects endothelial cells of the skin, the brain and other organs during acute or persistent infections. Endothelial cells are supposed to play an important role in virus spread from the blood stream to surrounding tissues. CD46 and CD150 (signalling lymphocytic activation molecule, SLAM) have been described as cellular receptors for certain MV strains. We found that human umbilical vein and brain microvascular endothelial cells (HUVECs and HBMECs) were CD46-positive, but did not express SLAM. Wild-type MV strains, which do not use CD46 as a receptor at the surface of transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells, infected HUVECs and HBMECs to varying extents in a strain-dependent way. This infection was not inhibited by antibodies to CD46. These data suggest the presence of an additional unidentified receptor for MV uptake and spread in human endothelial cells.
AllenI. V.,
McQuaidS.,
McMahonJ.,
KirkJ.,
McConnellR.1996; The significance of measles virus antigen and genome distribution in the CNS in SSPE for mechanisms of viral spread and demyelination. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 55:471–480
BartzR.,
BrinckmannU.,
DunsterL. M.,
RimaB.,
Ter MeulenV.,
Schneider-SchauliesJ.1996; Mapping amino acids of the measles virus hemagglutinin responsible for receptor (CD46) downregulation. Virology 224:334–337
BiebackK.,
LienE.,
KlaggeI.7 other authors2002; The hemagglutinin protein of wildtype measles virus activates Toll-like receptor 2 signaling. J Virol 76:8729–8736
DuprexW. P.,
McQuaidS.,
HangartnerL.,
BilleterM. A.,
RimaB. K.1999; Observation of measles virus cell-to-cell spread in astrocytoma cells by using a green fluorescent protein-expressing recombinant virus. J Virol 73:9568–9575
ErlenhoeferC.,
WurzerW. J.,
LöfflerS.,
Schneider-SchauliesS.,
ter MeulenV.,
Schneider-SchauliesJ.2001; CD150 (SLAM) is a receptor for measles virus, but is not involved in viral contact-mediated proliferation inhibition. J Virol 75:4499–4505
ErlenhoeferC.,
DuprexW. P.,
RimaB. K.,
ter MeulenV.,
Schneider-SchauliesJ.2002; Analysis of receptor (CD46, CD150) usage by measles virus. J Gen Virol 83:1431–1436
FaureE.,
ThomasL.,
XuH.,
MedvedevA. E.,
EquilsO.,
ArditiM.2001; Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and IFN- γ induce Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 expression in human endothelial cells: role of NF-kB activation. J Immunol 166:2018–2024
GriffinD. E.,
BelliniW. J.1996; Measles virus. In Fields Virology , 3rd edn. pp 1267–1312 Edited by
FieldsB. N.,
KnipeD. M.,
HowleyP. M.
Philadelphia: Lippincott–Raven;
HsuE. C.,
SarangiF.,
IorioC.7 other authors1998; A single amino acid change in the hemagglutinin protein of measles virus determines its ability to bind CD46 and reveals another receptor on marmoset B cells. J Virol 72:2905–2916
HsuE. C.,
IorioC.,
SarangiF.,
KhineA. A.,
RichardsonC. D.2001; CDw150(SLAM) is a receptor for a lymphotropic strain of measles virus and may account for the immunosuppressive properties of this virus. Virology 279:9–21
IsaacsonS. H.,
AsherD. M.,
GodecM. S.,
GibbsC. J.,
GajdusekD. C.1996; Widespread, restricted low-level measles virus infection of brain in a case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Acta Neuropathol 91:135–139
JohnstonI. C. D.,
ter MeulenV.,
Schneider-SchauliesJ.,
Schneider-SchauliesS.1999; A recombinant measles vaccine virus expressing wild-type glycoproteins: consequences for viral spread and cell tropism. J Virol 73:6903–6915
LawrenceD. M. P.,
PattersonC. E.,
GalesT. L.,
D'OrazioJ. L.,
VaughnM. M.,
RallG. F.2000; Measles virus spread between neurons requires cell contact but not CD46 expression, syncytium formation, or extracellular virus production. J Virol 74:1908–1918
LecouturierV.,
FayolleJ.,
CaballeroM.,
CarabanaJ.,
CelmaM. L.,
Fernandez-MunozR.,
WildT. F.,
BucklandR.1996; Identification of two amino acids in the hemagglutinin glycoprotein of measles virus (MV) that govern hemadsorption, HeLa cell fusion, and CD46 downregulation: phenotypic markers that differentiate vaccine and wild-type MV strains. J Virol 70:4200–4204
McQuaidS.,
CosbyS. L.2002; An immunohistochemical study of the distribution of the measles virus receptors, CD46 and SLAM, in normal human tissues and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Lab Investig 82:1–7
McQuaidS.,
CampbellS.,
WallaceI. J.,
KirkJ.,
CosbyS. L.1998; Measles virus infection and replication in undifferentiated and differentiated human neuronal cells in culture. J Virol 72:5245–5250
ManchesterM.,
EtoD. S.,
ValsamakisA.,
LitonP. B.,
Fernandez-MunozR.,
RotaP. A.,
BelliniW. J.,
ForthalD. N.,
OldstoneM. B. A.2000; Clinical isolates of measles virus use CD46 as a cellular receptor. J Virol 74:3967–3974
MoenchT. R.,
GriffinD. E.,
ObriechtC. R.,
VaisbergA. J.,
JohnsonR. T.1988; Acute measles in patients with and without neurological involvement: distribution of measles virus antigen and RNA. J Infect Dis 158:433–442
MollM.,
KlenkH.-D.,
HerrlerrG.,
MaisnerA.2001; A single amino acid change in the cytoplasmic domains of measles virus glycoproteins H and F alters targeting, endocytosis, and cell fusion in polarized Madin–Darby canine kidney cells. J Biol Chem 276:17887–17894
NanicheD.,
Varior-KrishnanG.,
CervoniF.,
WildT. F.,
RossiB.,
Rabourdin-CombeC.,
GerlierD.1993a; Human membrane cofactor protein (CD46) acts as a cellular receptor for measles virus. J Virol 67:6025–6032
OhgimotoS.,
OhgimotoK.,
NiewieskS.7 other authors2001; The hemagglutinin protein is an important determinant for measles virus tropism for dendritic cells in vitro and immunosuppression in vivo
. J Gen Virol 82:1835–1844
OnoN.,
TatsuoH.,
HidakaY.,
AokiT.,
MinagawaH.,
YanagiY.2001a; Measles virus on throat swabs from measles patients use signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (CDw150) but not CD46 as a cellular receptor. J Virol 75:4399–4401
OnoN.,
TatsuoH.,
TanakaK.,
MinagawaH.,
YanagiY.2001b; V domain of human SLAM (CDw150) is essential for its function as a measles virus receptor. J Virol 75:1594–1600
PlemperR.,
HammondA. L.,
GerlierD.,
FieldingA. K.,
CattaneoR.2002; Strength of envelope protein interaction modulates cytopathicity of measles virus. J Virol 76:5051–5061
PolacinoP. S.,
PinchukL. M.,
SidorenkoS. P.,
ClarkE. A.1996; Immunodeficiency virus cDNA synthesis in resting T lymphocytes is regulated by T cell activation signals and dendritic cells. J Med Primatol 25:201–209
PunnonenJ.,
CocksB. G.,
CarballidoJ. M.,
BennettB.,
PetersonD.,
AversaG.,
de VriesJ.1997; Soluble and membrane-bound forms of signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) induce proliferation and Ig synthesis by activated human B lymphocytes. J Exp Med 185:993–1004
Schneider-SchauliesJ.,
DunsterL. M.,
KobuneF.,
RimaB.,
ter MeulenV.1995a; Differential downregulation of CD46 by measles virus strains. J Virol 69:7257–7259
Schneider-SchauliesJ.,
SchnorrJ. J.,
BrinckmannU.,
DunsterL. M.,
BaczkoK.,
LiebertU. G.,
Schneider-SchauliesS.,
ter MeulenV.1995b; Receptor usage and differential downregulation of CD46 by measles virus wild-type and vaccine strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:3943–3947
Schneider-SchauliesJ.,
SchnorrJ. J.,
SchlenderJ.,
DunsterL. M.,
Schneider-SchauliesS.,
ter MeulenV.1996; Receptor (CD46) modulation and complement-mediated lysis of uninfected cells after contact with measles virus-infected cells. J Virol 70:255–263
ShibaharaK.,
HottaH.,
KatayamaY.,
HommaM.1994; Increased binding activity of measles virus to monkey red blood cells after long-term passage in Vero cell cultures. J Gen Virol 75:3511–3516
TakeuchiK.,
TakedaM.,
MiyajimaN.,
KobuneF.,
TanabyashiK.,
TashiroM.2002; Recombinant wild-type and Edmonston strain measles viruses bearing heterologous H proteins: role of H protein in cell fusion and host cell specificity. J Virol 76:4891–4900
UrbanskaE. M.,
ChambersB. J.,
LjunggrenH. G.,
NorrbyE.,
KristenssonK.1997; Spread of measles virus through axonal pathways into limbic structures in the brain of Tab −/− mice. J Med Virol 52:362–369