RT Journal Article SR Electronic(1) A1 Krumbholz, Andi A1 Lange, Jeannette A1 Sauerbrei, Andreas A1 Groth, Marco A1 Platzer, Matthias A1 Kanrai, Pumaree A1 Pleschka, Stephan A1 Scholtissek, Christoph A1 Büttner, Mathias A1 Dürrwald, Ralf A1 Zell, RolandYR 2014 T1 Origin of the European avian-like swine influenza viruses JF Journal of General Virology, VO 95 IS 11 SP 2372 OP 2376 DO https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.068569-0 PB Microbiology Society, SN 1465-2099, AB The avian-like swine influenza viruses emerged in 1979 in Belgium and Germany. Thereafter, they spread through many European swine-producing countries, replaced the circulating classical swine H1N1 influenza viruses, and became endemic. Serological and subsequent molecular data indicated an avian source, but details remained obscure due to a lack of relevant avian influenza virus sequence data. Here, the origin of the European avian-like swine influenza viruses was analysed using a collection of 16 European swine H1N1 influenza viruses sampled in 1979–1981 in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and France, as well as several contemporaneous avian influenza viruses of various serotypes. The phylogenetic trees suggested a triple reassortant with a unique genotype constellation. Time-resolved maximum clade credibility trees indicated times to the most recent common ancestors of 34–46 years (before 2008) depending on the RNA segment and the method of tree inference., UL https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.068569-0