RT Journal Article SR Electronic(1) A1 Ko, Nga Ling A1 Birlouez, Emmanuel A1 Wain-Hobson, Simon A1 Mahieux, Renaud A1 Vartanian, Jean-PierreYR 2012 T1 Hyperediting of human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 and simian T-cell leukemia virus type 3 by the dsRNA adenosine deaminase ADAR-1 JF Journal of General Virology, VO 93 IS 12 SP 2646 OP 2651 DO https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.045146-0 PB Microbiology Society, SN 1465-2099, AB RNA editing mediated by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) converts adenosine (A) to inosine (I) residues in dsRNA templates. While ADAR-1-mediated editing was essentially described for RNA viruses, the present work addresses the issue for two δ-retroviruses, human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 and simian T-cell leukemia virus type 3 (HTLV-2 and STLV-3). We examined whether ADAR-1 could edit HTLV-2 and STLV-3 virus genomes in cell culture and in vivo. Using a highly sensitive PCR-based method, referred to as 3DI-PCR, we showed that ADAR-1 could hypermutate adenosine residues in HTLV-2. STLV-3 hypermutation was obtained without using 3DI-PCR, suggesting a higher mutation frequency for this virus. Detailed analysis of the dinucleotide editing context showed preferences for 5′ ArA and 5′ UrA. In conclusion, the present observations demonstrate that ADAR-1 massively edits HTLV-2 and STLV-3 retroviruses in vitro, but probably remains a rare phenomenon in vivo., UL https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.045146-0