1887

Abstract

Seven mAbs with specific reaction patterns against each of the four genotypes and eight subtypes of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) were produced, aiming to establish an immunoassay for typing VHSV isolates according to their genotype. Among the mAbs, VHS-1.24 reacted with all genotypes except genotype Ie, whilst mAb VHS-9.23 reacted with all genotypes except genotype III. mAb VHS-3.80 reacted with genotypes Ib, Ic, Id and II. mAb VHS-7.57 reacted with genotypes II and IVa, and mAb VHS-5.18 with genotype Ib only. Interestingly, mAb VHS-3.75 reacted with all of the genotype III isolates except a rainbow trout-pathogenic isolate from the west coast of Norway, and reacted in addition with the IVb isolate, CA-NB00-01, from the east coast of the USA. Finally, mAb VHS-1.88 reacted with all genotype IVb isolates from the Great Lakes, but not with CA-NB00-01. In conclusion, we can distinguish between all four genotypes and between five of eight subtypes of VHSV by testing isolates in immunoassay using a panel of nine mAbs. By Western blotting and transfection of cell cultures, it was shown that mAb VHS-1.24 recognized an epitope on the viral phosphoprotein (P), whilst all others recognized antigenic determinants on the nucleoprotein (N). From amino acid alignments of the various genotypes and subtypes of VHSV isolates, it was possible to determine the epitope specificity of mAb VHS-1.24 to be aa 32–34 in the P-protein; the specificities of mAbs VHS-3.80, VHS-7.57 and VHS-3.75 were found to be aa 43 and 45–48, aa 117 and 121, and aa 103, 118 and 121 of the N-protein, respectively.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.043091-0
2012-12-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/93/12/2546.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.043091-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Albertini A. A., Wernimont A. K., Muziol T., Ravelli R. B., Clapier C. R., Schoehn G., Weissenhorn W., Ruigrok R. W. 2006; Crystal structure of the rabies virus nucleoprotein–RNA complex. Science 313:360–363[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Batts W. N., Arakawa C. K., Bernard J., Winton J. R. 1993; Isolates of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus from North America and Europe can be detected and distinguished by DNA probes. Dis Aquat Organ 17:67–71 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bovo G., Olesen N. J., Jorgensen P. E. V., Ahne W., Winton J. R. 1995; Characterization of a rhabdovirus isolated from carpione Salmo trutta carpio in Italy. Dis Aquat Organ 21:115–122 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Dale O. B., Ørpetveit I., Lyngstad T. M., Kahns S., Skall H. F., Olesen N. J., Dannevig B. H. 2009; Outbreak of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) in seawater-farmed rainbow trout in Norway caused by VHS virus genotype III. Dis Aquat Organ 85:93–103[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Dopazo C. P., Bandín I., López-Vazquez C., Lamas J., Noya M., Barja J. L. 2002; Isolation of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus from Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides caught at the Flemish Cap. Dis Aquat Organ 50:171–179[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Einer-Jensen K., Ahrens P., Forsberg R., Lorenzen N. 2004; Evolution of the fish rhabdovirus viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. J Gen Virol 85:1167–1179[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Einer-Jensen K., Ahrens P., Lorenzen N. 2005a; Parallel phylogenetic analyses using the N, G or Nv gene from a fixed group of VHSV isolates reveal the same overall genetic typing. Dis Aquat Organ 67:39–45[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Einer-Jensen K., Winton J., Lorenzen N. 2005b; Genotyping of the fish rhabdovirus, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, by restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Vet Microbiol 106:167–178[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Elsayed E., Faisal M., Thomas M., Whelan G., Batts W., Winton J. 2006; Isolation of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus from muskellunge, Esox masquinongy (Mitchill), in Lake St Clair, Michigan, USA reveals a new sublineage of the North American genotype. J Fish Dis 29:611–619[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Fernandez-Alonso M., Lorenzo G., Perez L., Bullido R., Estepa A., Lorenzen N., Coll J. M. 1998; Mapping of linear antibody epitopes of the glycoprotein of VHSV, a salmonid rhabdovirus. Dis Aquat Organ 34:167–176[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Fijan N., Sulimanovic D., Bearzotti M., Muzinic D., Zwillenberg L. O., Chilmonczyk S., Vautherot J. F., De Kinkelin P. 1983; Some properties of the Epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cell line from carp Cyprinus carpio . Ann Virol Inst Pasteur 134:207–220 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Fregeneda-Grandes J. M., Skall H. F., Olesen N. J. 2009; Antibody response of rainbow trout with single or double infections involving viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus. Dis Aquat Organ 83:23–29[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Gagné N., Mackinnon A. M., Boston L., Souter B., Cook-Versloot M., Griffiths S., Olivier G. 2007; Isolation of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus from mummichog, stickleback, striped bass and brown trout in eastern Canada. J Fish Dis 30:213–223[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Gravell M., Malsberger R. G. 1965; A permanent cell line from the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Ann N Y Acad Sci 126:555–565[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Groocock G. H., Getchell R. G., Wooster G. A., Britt K. L., Batts W. N., Winton J. R., Casey R. N., Casey J. W., Bowser P. R. 2007; Detection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia in round gobies in New York State (USA) waters of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. Dis Aquat Organ 76:187–192[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Isshiki T., Nishizawa T., Kobayashi T., Nagano T., Miyazaki T. 2001; An outbreak of VHSV (viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus) infection in farmed Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in Japan. Dis Aquat Organ 47:87–99[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Ito T., Olesen N. J., Skall H. F., Sano M., Kurita J., Nakajima K., Iida T. 2010; Development of a monoclonal antibody against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) genotype IVa. Dis Aquat Organ 89:17–27[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Jensen M. H. 1965; Research on the virus of Egtved disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 126:422–426[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Laemmli U. K. 1970; Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227:680–685[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. López-Vázquez C., Raynard R. S., Bain N., Snow M., Bandín I., Dopazo C. P. 2006; Genotyping of marine viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus isolated from the Flemish Cap by nucleotide sequence analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns. Dis Aquat Organ 73:23–31[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Lorenzen N., Olesen N. J., Jørgensen P. E. V. 1988; Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to four Egtved virus structural proteins. Dis Aquat Organ 4:35–42 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Lorenzen N., Olesen N. J., Jørgensen P. E. V. 1990; Neutralization of Egtved virus pathogenicity to cell cultures and fish by monoclonal antibodies to the viral G protein. J Gen Virol 71:561–567[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Lorenzen N., Olesen N. J., Koch C. 1999; Immunity to VHS virus in rainbow trout. Aquaculture 172:41–61 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Lumsden J. S., Morrison B., Yason C., Russell S., Young K., Yazdanpanah A., Huber P., Al-Hussinee L., Stone D., Way K. 2007; Mortality event in freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens from Lake Ontario, Canada, associated with viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus, type IV. Dis Aquat Organ 76:99–111[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Mortensen H. F., Heuer O. E., Lorenzen N., Otte L., Olesen N. J. 1999; Isolation of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) from wild marine fish species in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat, Skagerrak and the North Sea. Virus Res 63:95–106[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Mourton C., Bearzotti M., Piechaczyk M., Paolucci F., Pau B., Bastide J. M., de Kinkelin P. 1990; Antigen-capture ELISA for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus serotype I. J Virol Methods 29:325–333[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Mourton C., Romestand B., de Kinkelin P., Jeffroy J., Le Gouvello R., Pau B. 1992; Highly sensitive immunoassay for direct diagnosis of viral hemorrhagic septicemia which uses antinucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 30:2338–2345[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Nishizawa T., Yoshimizu M., Winton J., Ahne W., Kimura T. 1991; Characterization of structural proteins of hirame rhabdovirus, HRV. Dis Aquat Organ 10:167–172 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Nishizawa T., Iida H., Takano R., Isshiki T., Nakajima K., Muroga K. 2002; Genetic relatedness among Japanese, American and European isolates of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) based on partial G and P genes. Dis Aquat Organ 48:143–148[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Nordblom B., Norell A. W. 2000; Report on an Outbreak of VHS (Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia) in Farmed Fish in Sweden. Report for the Standing Veterinary Committee, Swedish Board of Agriculture . Jönköping, Sweden: Department for Animal Production and Health;
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Olesen N. J., Jørgensen P. E. V. 1991; Rapid detection of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus in fish by ELISA. J Appl Ichthyology 7:183–186 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Olesen N. J., Lorenzen N., Jørgensen P. E. V. 1991; Detection of rainbow trout antibody to Egtved virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence (IF), and plaque neutralization tests (50 % PNT). Dis Aquat Organ 10:31–38 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Olesen N. J., Lorenzen N., Jørgensen P. E. V. 1993; Serological differences among isolates of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus detected by neutralizing monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Dis Aquat Organ 16:163–170 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Olesen N. J., Lorenzen N., LaPatra S. 1999; Production of neutralizing antisera against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) virus by intravenous injections of rabbits. J Aquat Anim Health 11:10–16 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Reschova S., Pokorova D., Nevorankova Z., Hulova J., Vesely T. 2007; Detection of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) with monoclonal antibodies.. Vet Med Czech 52:308–316
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Sanz F., Coll J. M. 1992; Neutralizing-enhancing monoclonal antibody recognizes the denatured glycoprotein of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. Arch Virol 127:223–232[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Sanz F., Basurco B., Babin M., Dominguez J., Coll J. M. 1993; Monoclonal antibodies against the structural proteins of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus isolates. J Fish Dis 16:53–63 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Skall H. F., Slierendrecht W. J., King J. A., Olesen N. J. 2004; Experimental infection of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus isolates from European marine and farmed fishes. Dis Aquat Organ 58:99–110[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Skall H. F., Olesen N. J., Mellergaard S. 2005; Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus in marine fish and its implications for fish farming – a review. J Fish Dis 28:509–529[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Snow M., Cunningham C. O., Melvin W. T., Kurath G. 1999; Analysis of the nucleoprotein gene identifies distinct lineages of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus within the European marine environment. Virus Res 63:35–44[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Snow M., Bain N., Black J., Taupin V., Cunningham C. O., King J. A., Skall H. F., Raynard R. S. 2004; Genetic population structure of marine viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). Dis Aquat Organ 61:11–21[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Takano R., Nishizawa T., Aritmoto M., Muroga K. 2000; Isolation of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) from wild Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus . Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 20:186–192
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Tordo N., Benmansour A., Calisher C., Dietgen R. G., Fang R.-X., Jackson A. O., Kurath G., Nadin-Davis S., Tesh R. B., Walker P. J. 2005; Family Rhabdoviridae . In Virus Taxonomy: Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses pp. 623–644 Edited by Fauquet C. M., Mayo M. A., Maniloff J., Desselberger U., Ball L. A. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Winton J., Kurath G., Batts W. 2008; Molecular epidemiology of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the Great Lakes region (USGS Fact Sheet 2008-3003). http://wfrc.usgs.gov/products/fs20083003.pdf
  45. Wolf K., Gravell M., Malsberger R. G. 1966; Lymphocystis virus: isolation and propagation in centrarchid fish cell lines. Science 151:1004–1005[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.043091-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.043091-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material 1

PDF
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error