Protective effect of the maternally derived porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-specific cellular immune response in piglets by dam vaccination against PCV2 challenge
The objective of the present study was to evaluate (i) the passive transfer of maternally derived functional porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-specific lymphocytes of seronegative sows immunized with the PCV2 vaccine to newborn piglets and (ii) the functional role of the maternally derived PCV2-specific cellular immune response in protecting newborn piglets from challenge with PCV2. After ingesting colostrums, piglets from vaccinated sows (PT01 and PT02) have significantly higher numbers of PCV2-specific gamma interferon-secreting cells, an increased PCV2-specific delayed type hypersensitivity response, and a stronger proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with piglets from non-vaccinated seronegative sows (PT03 and PT04). In the PCV2 challenge study, the number of serum genomic PCV2 copies was significantly less in piglets from vaccinated sows (PT02) compared with piglets from non-vaccinated sows (PT04) at 7–28 days post-inoculation (P<0.05 and P<0.001). The histopathological lesions and immunohistochemical scores were significantly lower in piglets of vaccinated sows compared with those of non-vaccinated sows. To our knowledge, this is the first report of transferring a maternally derived PCV2-specific cellular immune response from vaccinated dams to their offspring. Maternally derived adaptive cellular immune responses play a critical role in protecting newborn piglets challenged with PCV2 at 3 weeks of age.
AllanG. M.,
MackieD. P.,
McNairJ.,
AdairB. M.,
McNultyM. S.1994; Production, preliminary characterisation and applications of monoclonal antibodies to porcine circovirus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 43:357–371 [View Article][PubMed]
BautistaE. M.,
MolitorT. W.1997; Cell-mediated immunity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in swine. Viral Immunol 10:83–94 [View Article][PubMed]
DíazI.,
MateuE.2005; Use of ELISPOT and ELISA to evaluate IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 responses in conventional pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 106:107–112 [View Article][PubMed]
FortM.,
FernandesL. T.,
NofrariasM.,
DíazI.,
SibilaM.,
PujolsJ.,
MateuE.,
SegalésJ.2009a; Development of cell-mediated immunity to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 129:101–107 [View Article][PubMed]
GagnonC. A.,
del CastilloJ. R. E.,
MusicN.,
FontaineG.,
HarelJ.,
TremblayD.2008; Development and use of a multiplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and differentiation of Porcine circovirus-2 genotypes 2a and 2b in an epidemiological survey. J Vet Diagn Invest 20:545–558 [View Article][PubMed]
KimJ.,
ChoiC.,
ChaeC.2003; Pathogenesis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome reproduced by co-infection with Korean isolates of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine parvovirus. J Comp Pathol 128:52–59 [View Article][PubMed]
KimD.,
KimC. H.,
HanK.,
SeoH. W.,
OhY.,
ParkC.,
KangI.,
ChaeC.2011; Comparative efficacy of commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) vaccines in pigs experimentally infected with M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2. Vaccine 29:3206–3212 [View Article][PubMed]
LarochelleR.,
MagarR.,
D’AllaireS.2003; Comparative serologic and virologic study of commercial swine herds with and without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Can J Vet Res 67:114–120[PubMed]
LeeG.,
GeB.2010; Inhibition of in vitro tumor cell growth by RP215 monoclonal antibody and antibodies raised against its anti-idiotype antibodies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 59:1347–1356 [View Article][PubMed]
MeertsP.,
Van GuchtS.,
CoxE.,
VandeboschA.,
NauwynckH. J.2005; Correlation between type of adaptive immune response against porcine circovirus type 2 and level of virus replication. Viral Immunol 18:333–341 [View Article][PubMed]
MeertsP.,
MisinzoG.,
LefebvreD.,
NielsenJ.,
BøtnerA.,
KristensenC. S.,
NauwynckH. J.2006; Correlation between the presence of neutralizing antibodies against porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and protection against replication of the virus and development of PCV2-associated disease. BMC Vet Res 2:6–16 [View Article][PubMed]
OpriessnigT.,
PattersonA. R.,
MadsonD. M.,
PalN.,
HalburP. G.2009; Comparison of efficacy of commercial one dose and two dose PCV2 vaccines using a mixed PRRSV-PCV2-SIV clinical infection model 2-3-months post vaccination. Vaccine 27:1002–1007 [View Article][PubMed]
PejsakZ.,
PodgórskaK.,
TruszczyńskiM.,
KarbowiakP.,
StadejekT.2010; Efficacy of different protocols of vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in a farm affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 33:e1–e5 [View Article][PubMed]
PogranichnyyR. M.,
YoonK. J.,
HarmsP. A.,
SwensonS. L.,
ZimmermanJ. J.,
SordenS. D.2000; Characterization of immune response of young pigs to porcine circovirus type 2 infection. Viral Immunol 13:143–153 [View Article][PubMed]
Rodríguez-ArriojaG. M.,
SegalésJ.,
BalaschM.,
RosellC.,
QuintantaJ.,
FolchJ. M.,
Plana-DuránJ.,
MankertzA.,
DomingoM.2000; Serum antibodies to porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2 in pigs with and without PMWS. Vet Rec 146:762–764 [View Article][PubMed]
SosaG. A.,
QuirogaM. F.,
RouxM. E.2009; Flow cytometric analysis of T-lymphocytes from nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in a model of secondary immunodeficiency in Wistar rats. Immunobiology 214:384–391 [View Article][PubMed]
WangJ.,
ChenB.,
JinN.,
XiaG.,
ChenY.,
ZhouY.,
CaiX.,
DingJ.,
LiX.,
WangX.2011; The changes of T lymphocytes and cytokines in ICR mice fed with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 6:605–610[PubMed][CrossRef]
Protective effect of the maternally derived porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-specific cellular immune response in piglets by dam vaccination against PCV2 challenge