Outbreak of swine influenza in Argentina reveals a non-contemporary human H3N2 virus highly transmissible among pigs Free

Abstract

Sporadic outbreaks of human H3N2 influenza A virus (IAV) infections in swine populations have been reported in Asia, Europe and North America since 1970. In South America, serological surveys in pigs indicate that IAVs of the H3 and H1 subtypes are currently in circulation; however, neither virus isolation nor characterization has been reported. In November 2008, an outbreak of respiratory disease in pigs consistent with swine influenza virus (SIV) infection was detected in Argentina. The current study describes the clinical epidemiology, pathology, and molecular and biological characteristics of the virus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus isolate shared nucleotide identities of 96–98 % with H3N2 IAVs that circulated in humans from 2000 to 2003. Antigenically, sera from experimentally inoculated animals cross-reacted mainly with non-contemporary human-origin H3N2 influenza viruses. In an experimental infection in a commercial swine breed, the virus was of low virulence but was transmitted efficiently to contact pigs and caused severe disease when an infected animal acquired a secondary bacterial infection. This is the first report of a wholly human H3N2 IAV associated with clinical disease in pigs in South America. These studies highlight the importance of two-way transmission of IAVs and SIVs between pigs and humans, and call for enhanced influenza surveillance in the pig population worldwide.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.036590-0
2011-12-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/92/12/2871.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.036590-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Brown I. H. 2000; The epidemiology and evolution of influenza viruses in pigs. Vet Microbiol 74:29–46 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. de Jong J. C., Smith D. J., Lapedes A. S., Donatelli I., Campitelli L., Barigazzi G., Van Reeth K., Jones T. C., Rimmelzwaan G. F. et al.& other authors ( 2007; Antigenic and genetic evolution of swine influenza A (H3N2) viruses in Europe. J Virol 81:4315–4322 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Donaldson L. J., Rutter P. D., Ellis B. M., Greaves F. E., Mytton O. T., Pebody R. G., Yardley I. E. 2009; Mortality from pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza in England: public health surveillance study. BMJ 339:b5213 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Gramer M. R., Lee J. H., Choi Y. K., Goyal S. M., Joo H. S. 2007; Serologic and genetic characterization of North American H3N2 swine influenza A viruses. Can J Vet Res 71:201–206[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Hoffmann E., Stech J., Guan Y., Webster R. G., Perez D. R. 2001; Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses. Arch Virol 146:2275–2289 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Karasin A. I., Schutten M. M., Cooper L. A., Smith C. B., Subbarao K., Anderson G. A., Carman S., Olsen C. W. 2000; Genetic characterization of H3N2 influenza viruses isolated from pigs in North America, 1977–1999: evidence for wholly human and reassortant virus genotypes. Virus Res 68:71–85 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Kim H. M., Lee Y.-W., Lee K.-J., Kim H. S., Cho S. W., van Rooijen N., Guan Y., Seo S. H. 2008; Alveolar macrophages are indispensable for controlling influenza viruses in lungs of pigs. J Virol 82:4265–4274 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Kobasa D., Jones S. M., Shinya K., Kash J. C., Copps J., Ebihara H., Hatta Y., Kim J. H., Halfmann P. et al.& other authors ( 2007; Aberrant innate immune response in lethal infection of macaques with the 1918 influenza virus. Nature 445:319–323 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Landolt G. A., Karasin A. I., Phillips L., Olsen C. W. 2003; Comparison of the pathogenesis of two genetically different H3N2 influenza A viruses in pigs. J Clin Microbiol 41:1936–1941 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. OIE 2000; Highly pathogenic avian influenza. In Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines, 4th edn. pp. 212–220 Paris: Office International des Epizooties;
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Olsen C. W., Brown I. H., Easterday B. C., Van Reeth K. 2006; Swine influenza. In Diseases of Swine pp. 469–482 Edited by Straw B., Zimmmerman J. J., D'Alleire S., Taylor D. J. Iowa, USA: Blackwell Publishing;
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Perfumo C. J. 2010; Current situation of swine influenza in South America. In Proceedings of III Fórum Internacional de Suinocultura, pp. 223–233. Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Piñeyro P. E., Baumeister E., Cappuccio J. A., Machuca M. A., Quiroga M. A., Tedoroff T., Perfumo C. J. 2010; [Seroprevalence of the swine influenza virus in fattening pigs in Argentina in the 2002 season: evaluation by hemagglutination-inhibition and ELISA tests]. Rev Argent Microbiol 42:98–101 (in Spanish) [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Reed L. J., Muench H. 1938; A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints. Am J Hyg 27:493–497
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Richt J. A., Lager K. M., Janke B. H., Woods R. D., Webster R. G., Webby R. J. 2003; Pathogenic and antigenic properties of phylogenetically distinct reassortant H3N2 swine influenza viruses cocirculating in the United States. J Clin Microbiol 41:3198–3205 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Song D. S., Lee J. Y., Oh J. S., Lyoo K. S., Yoon K. J., Park Y. H., Park B. K. 2003; Isolation of H3N2 swine influenza virus in South Korea. J Vet Diagn Invest 15:30–34 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Spackman E., Senne D. A., Myers T. J., Bulaga L. L., Garber L. P., Perdue M. L., Lohman K., Daum L. T., Suarez D. L. 2002; Development of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes. J Clin Microbiol 40:3256–3260 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Van Reeth K., Brown I. H., Dürrwald R., Foni E., Labarque G., Lenihan P., Maldonado J., Markowska-Daniel I., Pensaert M. et al.& other authors ( 2008; Seroprevalence of H1N1, H3N2 and H1N2 influenza viruses in pigs in seven European countries in 2002–2003. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2:99–105 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Webster R., Cox N., Stohr K. 2005 WHO Manual on Animal Influenza Diagnosis and Surveillance. http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/influenza/WHO_manual_on_animal-diagnosis_and_surveillance_2002_5.pdf
  20. Yu H., Zhang G.-H., Hua R.-H., Zhang Q., Liu T.-Q., Liao M., Tong G.-Z. 2007; Isolation and genetic analysis of human origin H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses from pigs in China. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 356:91–96 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Yu H., Hua R.-H., Zhang Q., Liu T.-Q., Liu H.-L., Li G.-X., Tong G.-Z. 2008; Genetic evolution of swine influenza A (H3N2) viruses in China from 1970 to 2006. J Clin Microbiol 46:1067–1075 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Zhou N. N., Senne D. A., Landgraf J. S., Swenson S. L., Erickson G., Rossow K., Liu L., Yoon K.-J., Krauss S., Webster R. G. 2000; Emergence of H3N2 reassortant influenza A viruses in North American pigs. Vet Microbiol 74:47–58 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.036590-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.036590-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed