1887

Abstract

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the most important arboviral agent causing disease of the central nervous system in central Europe. In this study, 61 TBEV E gene sequences derived from 48 isolates from the Czech Republic, and four isolates and nine TBEV strains detected in ticks from Germany, covering more than half a century from 1954 to 2009, were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic and Bayesian phylodynamic analysis to determine the phylogeography of TBEV in central Europe. The general Eurasian continental east-to-west pattern of the spread of TBEV was confirmed at the regional level but is interlaced with spreading that arises because of local geography and anthropogenic influence. This spread is reflected by the disease pattern in the Czech Republic that has been observed since 1991. The overall evolutionary rate was estimated to be approximately 8×10 substitutions per nucleotide per year. The analysis of the TBEV E genes of 11 strains isolated at one natural focus in Žďár Kaplice proved for the first time that TBEV is indeed subject to local evolution.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.032417-0
2011-08-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/92/8/1906.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.032417-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Brinkley C., Nolskog P., Golovljova I., Lundkvist A., Bergstrom T. 2008; Tick-borne encephalitis virus natural foci emerge in western Sweden. Int J Med Microbiol 298:73–80 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Carpi G., Cagnacci F., Neteler M., Rizzoli A. 2008; Tick infestation on roe deer in relation to geographic and remotely sensed climatic variables in a tick-borne encephalitis endemic area. Epidemiol Infect 136:1416–1424 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Chambers T. J., Hahn C. S., Galler R., Rice C. M. 1990; Flavivirus genome organization, expression, and replication. Annu Rev Microbiol 44:649–688 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Daniel M., Danielová V., Kriz B., Kott I. 2004; An attempt to elucidate the increased incidence of tick-borne encephalitis and its spread to higher altitudes in the Czech Republic. Int J Med Microbiol 293:Suppl. 3755–62[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Daniel M., Kríz B., Danielová V., Valter J., Benes C. 2009; Changes of meteorological factors and tick-borne encephalitis incidence in the Czech Republic. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 58:179–187[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Danielová V., Rudenko N., Daniel M., Holubová J., Materna J., Golovchenko M., Schwarzová L. 2006; Extension of Ixodes ricinus ticks and agents of tick-borne diseases to mountain areas in the Czech Republic. Int J Med Microbiol 296:Suppl. 4048–53 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Danielová V., Daniel M., Schwarzová L., Materna J., Rudenko N., Golovchenko M., Holubová J., Grubhoffer L., Kilián P. 2010; Integration of a tick-borne encephalitis virus and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato into mountain ecosystems, following a shift in the altitudinal limit of distribution of their vector, Ixodes ricinus (Krkonose mountains, Czech Republic). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10:223–230 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Dobler G., Zöller G., Poponnikova T., Gniel D., Pfeffer M., Essbauer S. 2008; Tick-borne encephalitis virus in a highly endemic area in Kemerovo (Western Siberia, Russia). Int J Med Microbiol 298:94–101 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Donoso Mantke O., Schädler R., Niedrig M. 2008; A survey on cases of tick-borne encephalitis in European countries. Euro Surveill 13:18848[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Drummond A. J., Rambaut A. 2007; beast: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evol Biol 7:214[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Drummond A. J., Ho S. Y. W., Phillips M. J., Rambaut A. 2006; Relaxed phylogenetics and dating with confidence. PLoS Biol 4:e88 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Ecker M., Allison S. L., Meixner T., Heinz F. X. 1999; Sequence analysis and genetic classification of tick-borne encephalitis viruses from Europe and Asia. J Gen Virol 80:179–185[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Gallia F., Rampas J., Hollender L. 1949; Laboratory infection caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus. Cas Lek Cesk 88:224–229 (in Czech)
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Grard G., Moureau G., Charrel R. N., Lemasson J. J., Gonzalez J. P., Gallian P., Gritsun T. S., Holmes E. C., Gould E. A., de Lamballerie X. 2007; Genetic characterization of tick-borne flaviviruses: new insights into evolution, pathogenetic determinants and taxonomy. Virology 361:80–92 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Gresíková M., Kozuch O., Nosek J. 1968; Role of Ix. Ricinus as vector of tick-borne encephalitis virus in different central European natural foci. Zbl Bakt Parasit 207:423 (in German)
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Gresíková M., Kozuch O., Sekeyová M., Nosek J. 1986; Studies on the ecology of tick-borne encephalitis virus in the Carpathian and Pannonian types of natural foci. Acta Virol 30:325–331[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Hayasaka D., Suzuki Y., Kariwa H., Ivanov L., Volkov V., Demenev V., Mizutani T., Gojobori T., Takashima I. 1999; Phylogenetic and virulence analysis of tick-borne encephalitis viruses from Japan and far-Eastern Russia. J Gen Virol 80:3127–3135[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Huson D. H., Richter D. C., Rausch C., Dezulian T., Franz M., Rupp R. 2007; Dendroscope: an interactive viewer for large phylogenetic trees. BMC Bioinformatics 8:460[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Jääskeläinen A. E., Sironen T., Murueva G. B., Subbotina N., Alekseev A. N., Castrén J., Alitalo I., Vaheri A., Vapalahti O. 2010; Tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks in Finland, Russian Karelia and Buryatia. J Gen Virol 91:2706–2712 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Jääskeläinen A. E., Tonteri E., Sironen T., Pakarinen L., Vaheri A., Vapalahti O. 2011; European subtype tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes persulcatus ticks. Emerg Infect Dis 17:323–325[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kovalev S. Y., Chernykh D. N., Kokorev V. S., Snitkovskaya T. E., Romanenko V. V. 2009; Origin and distribution of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains of the Siberian subtype in the Middle Urals, the north-west of Russia and the Baltic countries. J Gen Virol 90:2884–2892 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kozuch O., Nosek J., Radda A. 1969; Synecological investigations in carpatic type of foci of tick-borne encephalitis (Tbe)-virus. Zentralbl Bakteriolog P 209:293 (in German)
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Krejčí J. 1949a Isolement d’un virus noveau en course d’un epidémie de meningoencephalite dans la region de Vyškov (Moraviae) p. 74 Paris: Presse Méd; (in French)
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Krejčí J. 1949b Outbreak of encephalitis virus in the region of Vyškov vol. 4 pp. 73–75112–116132–134 Brno, Czech Republic: Lék Listy; (in Czech)
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Kupča A. M., Essbauer S., Zoeller G., de Mendonca P. G., Brey R., Rinder M., Pfister K., Spiegel M., Doerrbecker B., Pfeffer M. 2010; Isolation and molecular characterization of a tick-borne encephalitis virus strain from a new tick-borne encephalitis focus with severe cases in Bavaria, Germany. Ticks Tick-Borne Dis 1:44–51 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Labuda M., Elecková E., Licková M., Sabó A. 2002; Tick-borne encephalitis virus foci in Slovakia. Int J Med Microbiol 291:Suppl. 3343–47 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Le Corre M., Pellerin M., Pinaud D., Van Laere G., Fritz H., Said S. 2008; A multi-patch use of the habitat: testing the First-Passage Time analysis on roe deer Capreolus capreolus paths. Wildl Biol 14:339–349 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Lemey P., Rambayt A., Drummond A. J., Suchard M. A. 2009; Bayesian phylogeography finds its roots. PLoS Comput Biol 5:(9)e1000520 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Lindgren E., Gustafson R. 2001; Tick-borne encephalitis in Sweden and climate change. Lancet 358:16–18 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Lindquist L., Vapalahti O. 2008; Tick-borne encephalitis. Lancet 371:1861–1871 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Lukan M., Bullova E., Petko B. 2010; Climate warming and tick-borne encephalitis, Slovakia. Emerg Infect Dis 16:524–526 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Nosek J., Kozuch O., Grulich I. 1970; Structure of tick-borne encephalitis (Tbe) foci in Central Europe. Oecologia 5:61–73 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Pond S. L., Frost S. D., Muse S. V. 2005; HyPhy: hypothesis testing using phylogenies. Bioinformatics 21:(5)679–9 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Posada D. 2008; jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. Mol Biol Evol 25:1253–1256 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Rampas J., Gallia F. 1949; Isolation of tick-borne encephalitis virus from ticks Ix. ricinus . Cas Lek Cesk 88:1179–1180 (in Czech)
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Randolph S. E., Miklisová D., Lysy J., Rogers D. J., Labuda M. 1999; Incidence from coincidence: patterns of tick infestations on rodents facilitate transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus. Parasitology 118:177–186 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Randolph S. E., Green R. M., Peacey M. F., Rogers D. J. 2000; Seasonal synchrony: the key to tick-borne encephalitis foci identified by satellite data. Parasitology 121:15–23 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Rizzoli A., Neteler M., Rosà R., Versini W., Cristofolini A., Bregoli M., Buckley A., Gould E. A. 2007; Early detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus spatial distribution and activity in the province of Trento, northern Italy. Geospat Health 1:169–176[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Schneider H. 1931; Über epidemische acute ‘meningitis serosa’. Wien Klin Wochenschr 44:350–352 (in German)
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Suss J. 2008; Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe and beyond – the epidemiological situation as of 2007. Euro Surveill 13:18916[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Suzuki Y. 2007; Multiple transmissions of tick-borne encephalitis virus between Japan and Russia. Genes Genet Syst 82:187–195 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Twiddy S. S., Holmes E. C., Rambaut A. 2003; Inferring the rate and time-scale of dengue virus evolution. Mol Biol Evol 20:122–129 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Van Moorter B., Gaillard J. M., Hewison A. J. M., Said S., Coulon A., Delorme D., Widmer O., Cargnelutti B., Angibault J. M. 2008; Evidence for exploration behaviour in young roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) prior to dispersal. Ethol Ecol Evol 20:1–15 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Vor T., Kiffner C., Hagedorn P., Niedrig M., Rühe F. 2010; Tick burden on European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Exp Appl Acarol 51:405–417 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Waldenström J., Lundkvist A., Falk K. I., Garpmo U., Bergström S., Lindegren G., Sjöstedt A., Mejlon H., Fransson T. et al. 2007; Migrating birds and tickborne encephalitis virus. Emerg Infect Dis 13:1215–1218[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Weidmann M., Schmidt P., Hufert F. T., Krivanec K., Meyer H. 2006; Tick-borne encephalitis virus in Clethrionomys glareolus in the Czech Republic. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6:379–381 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Zanotto P. M., Gao G. F., Gritsun T., Marin M. S., Jiang W. R., Venugopal K., Reid H. W., Gould E. A. 1995; An arbovirus cline across the northern hemisphere. Virology 210:152–159 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Zanotto P. M., Gould E. A., Gao G. F., Harvey P. H., Holmes E. C. 1996; Population dynamics of flaviviruses revealed by molecular phylogenies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:548–553 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Zwickl D. J. 2006 Genetic Algorithm Approaches for the Phylogenetic Analysis of Large Biological Sequence Datasets Under the Maximum Likelihood Criterion Austin, TX: The University of Texas;
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.032417-0
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.032417-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material 1

PDF

Supplementary material 2

PDF
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error