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Journal of General Virology header logo Journal of General Virology

Volume 91, Issue 10

Comparative analysis of six genome sequences of three novel picornaviruses, turdiviruses 1, 2 and 3, in dead wild birds, and proposal of two novel genera, and , in the family No Access

Abstract

In this territory-wide molecular epidemiology study of picornaviruses, involving 6765 dead wild birds from 201 species in 50 families over a 12 month period, three novel picornaviruses, turdiviruses 1, 2 and 3 (TV1, TV2 and TV3), were identified from birds of different genera in the family Turdidae. In contrast to many other viruses in birds of the family Turdidae or viruses of the family , TV1, TV2 and TV3 were found exclusively in the autumn and winter months. Two genomes each of TV1, TV2 and TV3 were sequenced. Regions P1, P2 and P3 of the three turdiviruses possessed, respectively, <40, <40 and <50 % amino acid identities with those of other picornaviruses. Moreover, P1, P2 and P3 of TV1 also possessed, respectively, <40, <40 and <50 % amino acid identities with those of TV2 and TV3. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that TV1, TV2 and TV3 were distantly related to members of the genus . Among the three turdiviruses, TV2 and TV3 were always clustered together, with high bootstrap supports of 1000. The genomic features of TV2 and TV3 were also distinct from TV1, including lower G+C contents, shorter leader protein and a preference for codon sequence NNT rather than NNC for amino acids that can use either NNT or NNC as codons (<0.001 by -test). Based on our results we propose two novel genera, for TV1, and for TV2 and TV3, in the family . The type of internal ribosomal entry site for TV1, TV2 and TV3 remains to be determined.

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2010-10-01
2025-05-20
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Comparative analysis of six genome sequences of three novel picornaviruses, turdiviruses 1, 2 and 3, in dead wild birds, and proposal of two novel genera, Orthoturdivirus and Paraturdivirus, in the family Picornaviridae
J. Gen. Virol. 91, 2433 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.021717-0
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/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.021717-0
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vol. , part 10, pp. 2433–2448

Predicted location of polyprotein cleavage sites and expected lengths of resulting proteins.

. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences of VP1 and 3D of the 14 novel picornavirus strains identified from dead wild birds in the present study.

Bird species screened in the present surveillance study.

Pairwise amino acid sequence identities between TV1, TV2, TV3 and other picornavirus genera in the P1, P2 and P3 regions.

Estimation of non-synonymous substitution and synonymous rates in the genomes of TV1, TV2 and TV3.

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