2FNC1†Present address: Departamento de Microbiología y Virología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
2FNC‡Present address: Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, 40 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
The mechanisms of calicivirus attachment and internalization are not well understood, mainly due to the lack of a reliable cell-culture system for most of its members. In this study, rabbit vesivirus (RaV) virions were shown to bind annexin A2 (ANXA2) in a membrane protein fraction from HEK293T cells, using a virus overlay protein-binding assay and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analysis. A monoclonal anti-ANXA2 antibody and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of ANXA2 expression in HEK293T cells reduced virus infection significantly, further supporting the role of ANXA2 in RaV attachment and/or internalization.
AsanakaM.,
AtmarR. L.,
RuvoloV.,
CrawfordS. E.,
NeillF. H.,
EstesM. K.2005; Replication and packaging of Norwalk virus RNA in cultured mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:10327–10332[CrossRef]
BabbinB. A.,
ParkosC. A.,
MandellK. J.,
WinfreeL. M.,
LaurO.,
IvanovA. I.,
NusratA.2007; Annexin 2 regulates intestinal epithelial cell spreading and wound closure through Rho-related signaling. Am J Pathol 170:951–966[CrossRef]
BorrowP.,
OldstoneM. B.1992; Characterization of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-binding protein(s): a candidate cellular receptor for the virus. J Virol 66:7270–7281
CaoW.,
HenryM. D.,
BorrowP.,
YamadaH.,
ElderJ. H.,
RavkovE. V.,
NicholS. T.,
CompansR. W.,
CampbellK. P.,
OldstoneM. B.1998; Identification of α -dystroglycan as a receptor for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Lassa fever virus. Science 282:2079–2081[CrossRef]
CasaisR.,
MolledaL. G.,
MachínA.,
del BarrioG.,
MansoA. G.,
DaltonK. P.,
CotoA.,
AlonsoJ. M.,
PrietoM.,
ParraF.2008; Structural and functional analysis of virus factories purified from Rabbit vesivirus -infected Vero cells. Virus Res 137:112–121[CrossRef]
FarkasT.,
SestakK.,
WeiC.,
JiangX.2008; Characterization of a rhesus monkey calicivirus representing a new genus of Caliciviridae . J Virol 82:5408–5416[CrossRef]
GershoniJ. M.,
LapidotM.,
ZakaiN.,
LoyterA.1986; Protein blot analysis of virus receptors: identification and characterization of the Sendai virus receptor. Biochim Biophys Acta 856:19–26[CrossRef]
HarringtonP. R.,
LindesmithL.,
YountB.,
MoeC. L.,
BaricR. S.2002; Binding of Norwalk virus-like particles to ABH histo-blood group antigens is blocked by antisera from infected human volunteers or experimentally vaccinated mice. J Virol 76:12335–12343[CrossRef]
HutsonA. M.,
AtmarR. L.,
GrahamD. Y.,
EstesM. K.2002; Norwalk virus infection and disease is associated with ABO histo-blood group type. J Infect Dis 185:1335–1337[CrossRef]
KapikianA. Z.,
WyattR. G.,
DolinR.,
ThornhillT. S.,
KalicaA. R.,
ChanockR. M.1972; Visualization by immune electron microscopy of a 27-nm particle associated with acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis. J Virol 10:1075–1081
KapikianA. Z.,
EstesM. K.,
ChanockR. M.1996; Norwalk group of viruses. In Fields Virology , 3rd edn. pp 783–810Edited byFieldsB. N.,
KnipeD. M.,
HowleyP. M.,
ChanockR. M.,
MelnickJ. L.,
MonathT. P.,
RoizmanB.,
Straus.
Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven;
KilpatrickD. R.,
LiptonH. L.1991; Predominant binding of Theiler's viruses to a 34-kilodalton receptor protein on susceptible cell lines. J Virol 65:5244–5249
MarionneauS.,
RuvoenN.,
Le Moullac-VaidyeB.,
ClementM.,
Cailleau-ThomasA.,
Ruiz-PalacoisG.,
HuangP.,
JiangX.,
Le PenduJ.2002; Norwalk virus binds to histo-blood group antigens present on gastroduodenal epithelial cells of secretor individuals. Gastroenterology 122:1967–1977[CrossRef]
Martín-AlonsoJ. M.,
SkillingD. E.,
González-MolledaL.,
del BarrioG.,
MachínA.,
KeeferN. K.,
MatsonD. O.,
IversenP. L.,
SmithA. W.,
ParraF.2005; Isolation and characterization of a new Vesivirus from rabbits. Virology 337:373–383[CrossRef]
MorensD. M.,
ZweighaftR. M.,
VernonT. M.,
GaryG. W.,
EslienJ. J.,
WoodB. T.,
HolmanR. C.,
DolinR.1979; A waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis with secondary person-to-person spread. Association with a viral agent. Lancet 1:964–966
OliferenkoS.,
PaihaK.,
HarderT.,
GerkeV.,
SchwarzlerC.,
SchwarzH.,
BeugH.,
GunthertU.,
HuberL. A.1999; Analysis of CD44-containing lipid rafts: recruitment of annexin II and stabilization by the actin cytoskeleton. J Cell Biol 146:843–854[CrossRef]
OliverS. L.,
AsobayireE.,
DastjerdiA. M.,
BridgerJ. C.2006; Genomic characterization of the unclassified bovine enteric virus Newbury agent-1 (Newbury1) endorses a new genus in the family Caliciviridae . Virology 350:240–250[CrossRef]
OttoM.,
GuntherA.,
FanH.,
RickO.,
HuangR. T.1994; Identification of annexin 33 kDa in cultured cells as a binding protein of influenza viruses. FEBS Lett 356:125–129[CrossRef]
ParwaniA. V.,
FlynnW. T.,
GadfieldK. L.,
SaifL. J.1991; Serial propagation of porcine enteric calicivirus in a continuous cell line. Effect of medium supplementation with intestinal contents or enzymes. Arch Virol 120:115–122[CrossRef]
PerkinsD. N.,
PappinD. J.,
CreasyD. M.,
CottrellJ. S.1999; Probability-based protein identification by searching sequence databases using mass spectrometry data. Electrophoresis 20:3551–3567[CrossRef]
RaynorC. M.,
WrightJ. F.,
WaismanD. M.,
PryzdialE. L.1999; Annexin II enhances cytomegalovirus binding and fusion to phospholipid membranes. Biochemistry 38:5089–5095[CrossRef]
ShevchenkoA.,
TomasH.,
HavlisJ.,
OlsenJ. V.,
MannM.2006; In-gel digestion for mass spectrometric characterization of proteins and proteomes. Nat Protoc 1:2856–2860
StraubT. M.,
Höner zu BentrupK.,
Orosz-CoghlanP.,
DohnalkovaA.,
MayerB. K.,
BartholomewR. A.,
ValdezC. O.,
Bruckner-LeaC. J.,
GerbaC. P.other authors2007; In vitro cell culture infectivity assay for human noroviruses. Emerg Infect Dis 13:396–403[CrossRef]
TraugerS. A.,
WuE.,
BarkS. J.,
NemerowG. R.,
SiuzdakG.2004; The identification of an adenovirus receptor by using affinity capture and mass spectrometry. ChemBioChem 5:1095–1099[CrossRef]
VerdinE. M.,
KingG. L.,
Maratos-FlierE.1989; Characterization of a common high-affinity receptor for reovirus serotypes 1 and 3 on endothelial cells. J Virol 63:1318–1325
WobusC. E.,
KarstS. M.,
ThackrayL. B.,
ChangK. O.,
SosnovtsevS. V.,
BelliotG.,
KrugA.,
MackenzieJ. M.,
GreenK. Y.,
VirginH. W.2004; Replication of Norovirus in cell culture reveals a tropism for dendritic cells and macrophages. PLoS Biol 2:e432[CrossRef]
WuE.,
FernandezJ.,
FleckS. K.,
Von SeggernD. J.,
HuangS.,
NemerowG. R.2001; A 50-kDa membrane protein mediates sialic acid-independent binding and infection of conjunctival cells by adenovirus type 37. Virology 279:78–89[CrossRef]