1887

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Volume 96, Issue 5

Functional characterization of , a baculovirus-encoded serpin gene Free

Abstract

The serpin family of serine proteinase inhibitors plays key roles in a variety of biochemical pathways. In insects, one of the important functions carried out by serpins is regulation of the phenoloxidase (PO) cascade – a pathway that produces melanin and other compounds that are important in insect humoral immunity. Recent sequencing of the baculovirus sp. nucleopolyhedrovirus (HespNPV) genome revealed the presence of a gene, , with homology to insect serpins. To our knowledge, is the first viral serpin homologue to be characterized outside of the chordopoxviruses. The Hesp018 protein was found to be a functional serpin with inhibitory activity against a subset of serine proteinases. Hesp018 also inhibited PO activation when mixed with lepidopteran haemolymph. The Hesp018 protein was secreted when expressed in lepidopteran cells and a baculovirus expressing Hesp018 exhibited accelerated production of viral progeny during infection. Expression of Hesp018 also reduced caspase activity induced by baculovirus infection, but caused increased cathepsin activity. In infected insect larvae, expression of Hesp018 resulted in faster larval melanization, consistent with increased activity of viral cathepsin. Finally, expression of Hesp018 increased the virulence of a prototype baculovirus by fourfold in orally infected neonate larvae. Based on our observations, we hypothesize that may have been retained in HespNPV due to its ability to inhibit the activity of select host proteinases, possibly including proteinases involved in the PO response, during infection of host insects.

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© 2015 The Authors
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2015-05-01
2024-04-19
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Functional characterization of hesp018, a baculovirus-encoded serpin gene
J. Gen. Virol. 96, 1150 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.000041
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