Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(−) Viruses Subcommittee, 2025

Holly R. Hughes; Matthew J. Ballinger; Yiming Bao; Nicolas Bejerman; Kim R. Blasdell; Thomas Briese; Julia Brignone; Jean Paul Carrera; Lander De Coninck; William Marciel de Souza; Humberto Debat; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Ralf Dürrwald; Mert Erdin; Anthony R. Fooks; Kristian M. Forbes; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Jorge B. Garcia; Jemma L. Geoghegan; Rebecca M. Grimwood; Masayuki Horie; Timothy H. Hyndman; Reimar Johne; John D. Klena; Hideki Kondo; Eugene V. Koonin; Alexei Y. Kostygov; Mart Krupovic; Jens H. Kuhn; Michael Letko; Jun-Min Li; Yiyun Liu; Maria Laura Martin; Nathaniel Mull; Yael Nazar; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes; Arnfinn Lodden Økland; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Brandy J. Russell; Eric Schott; Stephanie Seifert; Carina Sen; Elizabeth Shedroff; Tarja Sironen; Teemu Smura; Camila Prestes Dos Santos Tavares; Robert B. Tesh; Natasha L. Tilston; Noël Tordo; Nikos Vasilakis; Peter J. Walker; Fei Wang; Anna E. Whitfield; Shannon L.M. Whitmer; Yuri I. Wolf; Han Xia; Gong-Yin Ye; Zhuangxin Ye; Vyacheslav Yurchenko; Mingli Zhao; ICTV Taxonomy Summary Consortium

doi:10.1099/jgv.0.002112

Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(−) Viruses Subcommittee, 2025

Holly R. Hughes¹, Matthew J. Ballinger², Yiming Bao³, Nicolas Bejerman⁴, Kim R. Blasdell⁵, Thomas Briese⁶, Julia Brignone⁷, Jean Paul Carrera⁸, Lander De Coninck⁹, William Marciel de Souza¹⁰, Humberto Debat¹¹, Ralf G. Dietzgen¹², Ralf Dürrwald¹³, Mert Erdin¹⁴, Anthony R. Fooks¹⁵, Kristian M. Forbes¹⁶, Juliana Freitas-Astúa¹⁷, Jorge B. Garcia⁷, Jemma L. Geoghegan¹⁸, Rebecca M. Grimwood¹⁸, Masayuki Horie^19,20, Timothy H. Hyndman²¹, Reimar Johne²², John D. Klena²³, Hideki Kondo²⁴, Eugene V. Koonin²⁵, Alexei Y. Kostygov²⁶, Mart Krupovic²⁷, Jens H. Kuhn²⁸, Michael Letko²⁹, Jun-Min Li³⁰, Yiyun Liu³, Maria Laura Martin⁷, Nathaniel Mull³¹, Yael Nazar⁷, Norbert Nowotny^32,33, Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes³⁴, Arnfinn Lodden Økland³⁵, Dennis Rubbenstroth³⁶, Brandy J. Russell¹, Eric Schott³⁷, Stephanie Seifert²⁹, Carina Sen⁷, Elizabeth Shedroff²³, Tarja Sironen¹⁴, Teemu Smura¹⁴, Camila Prestes Dos Santos Tavares³⁸, Robert B. Tesh³⁹, Natasha L. Tilston⁴⁰, Noël Tordo⁴¹, Nikos Vasilakis³⁹, Peter J. Walker⁴², Fei Wang⁴³, Anna E. Whitfield⁴⁴, Shannon L.M. Whitmer²³, Yuri I. Wolf²⁵, Han Xia⁴³, Gong-Yin Ye⁴⁵, Zhuangxin Ye³⁰, Vyacheslav Yurchenko²⁶, Mingli Zhao⁴⁶ and ICTV Taxonomy Summary Consortium
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¹ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, USA ² Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA ³ National Genomics Data Center, China National Center for Bioinformation; Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ⁴ Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina ⁵ CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Geelong, Australia ⁶ Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA ⁷ Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui. INEVH -ANLIS, Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino 2700, Argentina ⁸ Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama ⁹ Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ¹⁰ Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA ¹¹ Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina ¹² QAAFI, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia ¹³ Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany ¹⁴ Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ¹⁵ Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Surrey, UK ¹⁶ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA ¹⁷ Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil ¹⁸ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand ¹⁹ Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan ²⁰ Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan ²¹ School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia ²² German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany ²³ Viral Special Pathogens Branch, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA ²⁴ Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan ²⁵ Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA ²⁶ University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia ²⁷ Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France ²⁸ Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA ²⁹ Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, USA ³⁰ Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China ³¹ Department of Natural Sciences, Shawnee State University, Portsmouth, USA ³² Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria ³³ College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE ³⁴ Universidade Federal do Pará, Bélem, Brazil ³⁵ Pharmaq Analytiq, Bergen, Norway ³⁶ Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Riems, Germany ³⁷ Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA ³⁸ Integrated Group of Aquaculture and Environmental Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil ³⁹ Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA ⁴⁰ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA ⁴¹ Institut Pasteur, Conakry, Guinée ⁴² University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia ⁴³ Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China ⁴⁴ North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA ⁴⁵ Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China ⁴⁶ Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
*Correspondence: Holly R. Hughes, [email protected]

ICTV Taxonomy Summary Consortium: EM Adriaenssens, P Alfenas-Zerbini, FO Aylward, RC Hendrickson, EJ Lefkowitz, M Łobocka, R Mayne, AR Mushegian, HM Oksanen, J Penzes, A Reyes Muñoz, DL Robertson, S Roux, L Rubino, S Sabanadzovic, P Simmonds, DB Smith, N Suzuki, D Turner, K Van Doorslaer, A Varsani, FM Zerbini

Published: 25 July 2025 https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.002112

Abstract

RNA viruses are ubiquitous in the environment and are important pathogens of humans, animals and plants. In 2024, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(−) Viruses Subcommittee submitted 18 taxonomic proposals for consideration. These proposals expanded the known virosphere by classifying 9 new genera and 88 species for newly detected virus genomes. Of note, newly established species expand the large family of Rhabdoviridae to 580 species. A new species in the family Arenaviridae includes a virus detected in Antarctic fish with a unique split nucleoprotein ORF. Additionally, four new species were established for historically isolated viruses with previously unsequenced genomes. Furthermore, three species were abolished due to incomplete genome sequence information, and one family was moved from being unassigned in the phylum Negarnaviricota into a subphylum and order. Herein, we summarize the 18 ratified taxonomic proposals and the general features of the current taxonomy, thereby supporting public and animal health responses.

Received: 15/04/2025
Accepted: 13/05/2025
Published Online: 25/07/2025

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(−) Viruses Subcommittee, 2025

J. Gen. Virol. 106, 002112 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.002112

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Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(−) Viruses Subcommittee, 2025

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